Trinidad, the larger at 4,828 sq km, is mainly flat and rolling, with mountains in the north that reach a height of 3,085 ft at Mount Aripo. Tobago, at just 300 sq km, is heavily forested with hardwood trees.

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Venezuela, occupies most of the northern coast of South America on the Caribbean Sea. Mountain systems break Venezuela into four distinct areas: (1) the Maracaibo lowlands; (2) the mountainous region in the north and northwest; (3) the Orinoco basin, with the llanos (vast grass-covered plains) on its northern border and great forest areas in the south and southeast; and (4) the Guiana Highlands, south of the Orinoco, accounting for nearly half the national territory.

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Formerly divided into two nations, the People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen and the Yemen Arab Republic, the Republic of Yemen occupies the southwest tip of the Arabian Peninsula on the Red Sea opposite Ethiopia and extends along the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula on the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean.

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Zimbabwe, a landlocked country in south-central Africa. It is bordered by Botswana on the west, Zambia on the north, Mozambique on the east, and South Africa on the south.

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Vanuatu is an archipelago of 83 islands lying between New Caledonia and Fiji in the South Pacific. Largest of the islands is Espiritu Santo (875 sq mi; 2,266 sq km); others are Efate, Malekula, Malo, Pentecost, and Tanna.

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Vietnam occupies the eastern and southern part of the Indochinese peninsula in Southeast Asia, with the South China Sea along its entire coast. China is to the north and Laos and Cambodia are to the west.

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The Vatican City State is situated on the Vatican hill, on the right bank of the Tiber River, within the city of Rome.

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Zambia, a landlocked country in south-central Africa. The country is mostly a plateau that rises to 8,000 ft (2,434 m) in the east.

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San Marino is surrounded by Italy. It is situated in the Apennines, a little inland from the Adriatic Sea near Rimini.

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Uganda, is in East Africa. It is bordered on the west by Congo. The country, which lies across the equator, is divided into three main areas—swampy lowlands, a fertile plateau with wooded hills, and a desert region.

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Malawi is a landlocked country, located in southeast Africa. Lake Malawi, formerly Lake Nyasa, occupies most of the country’s eastern border.

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Norway is situated in the western part of the Scandinavian peninsula. It extends about 1,770 km from the North Sea along the Norwegian Sea to more than 483 km above the Arctic Circle, the farthest north of any European country.

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Syria lies at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea. Coastal Syria is a narrow plain, in back of which is a range of coastal mountains, and still farther inland a steppe area. In the east is the Syrian Desert and in the south is the Jebel Druze Range.

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Paraguay is surrounded by Brazil, Bolivia, and Argentina in south-central South America. Eastern Paraguay, between the Paraná and Paraguay rivers, is upland country with the thickest population settled on the grassy slope that inclines toward the Paraguay River.

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The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, with a queen and a Parliament that has two houses: the House of Lords, with 574 life peers, 92 hereditary peers, and 26 bishops; and the House of Commons, which has 651 popularly elected members.

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The Netherlands, on the coast of the North Sea, is part of the great plain of north and west Europe, the Netherlands has maximum dimensions of 360 by 257 km and is low and flat except in Limburg in the southeast, where some hills rise up to 1056 ft. About half the country’s area is below sea level, making the famous Dutch dikes a requisite for the use of much of the land.

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Suriname lies on the northeast coast of South America, with Guyana to the west, French Guiana to the east, and Brazil to the south. The principal rivers are the Corantijn on the Guyana border, the Marowijne in the east, and the Suriname, on which the capital city of Paramaribo is situated.

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In Nov. 1990, King Birendra promulgated a new constitution and introduced a multiparty parliamentary democracy in Nepal. King Gyanendra dissolved the government in 2002 and has since ruled as an absolute monarch.

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Macedonia is a landlocked state in the heart of the Balkans and is a mountainous country with small basins of agricultural land. The Vardar is the largest and most important river.

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Portugal occupies the western part of the Iberian Peninsula. The country is crossed by three large rivers that rise in Spain, flow into the Atlantic and divide the country into three geographic areas.

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The capital of Senegal, Dakar, is the westernmost point in Africa. Senegal is mainly a low-lying country, with a semidesert area in the north and northeast and forests in the southwest. The largest rivers include the Senegal in the north and the Casamance in the southern tropical climate region.

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Niger, in West Africa’s Sahara region.The Niger River in the southwest flows through the country’s only fertile area. Elsewhere the land is semiarid

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Mozambique stretches for 1,535 mi (2,470 km) along Africa’s southeast coast. The country is generally a low-lying plateau broken up by 25 sizable rivers that flow into the Indian Ocean.

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Delhi, the National Capital Territory of India, is divided into two zones: the extension of the Aravali Hills and the plains.

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Madagascar lies in the Indian Ocean off the southeast coast of Africa opposite Mozambique. The world’s fourth-largest island.

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The Federated States of Micronesia is composed of the island states of Yap, Chuuk (Truk), Pohnpei (Ponape), and Kosrae, all in the Caroline Islands. The islands vary geologically from high mountainous islands to low coral atolls, with volcanic outcroppings on Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Chuuk.

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Moldova (formerly Moldavia) is a landlocked republic of hilly plains lying east of the Carpathian Mountains between the Prut and Dniester (Dnestr) rivers. The country is sandwiched between Romania and Ukraine.

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Monaco is a tiny, hilly wedge driven into the French Mediterranean coast; it is 9 mi east of Nice, France.

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The Republic of Maldives is a group of atolls in the Indian Ocean about 417 mi (671 km) southwest of Sri Lanka. Its 1,190 coral islets stretch over an area of 35,200 square mi (90,000 sq km).  

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The Russian Federation is the largest of the 21 republics that make up the Commonwealth of Independent States.It occupies most of eastern Europe and north Asia, stretching from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east, and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south.

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