Universal Basic Income (UBI): Definition, Features, Advantage and Disadvantages
Universal Basic Income (UBI) is a model for providing a sum of money to all citizens of a country or other geographic area with a given sum of money, regardless of their income, employment status. The purpose of the UBI is to prevent or reduce poverty and increase equality among citizens.
Economist Suresh Tendulkar had recommended a minimum of Rs. 7,620 per person/year to the poor people of the country to avail the nutritional food or come out of the poverty line.
Therefore, the NDA Government is planning to give a minimum of Rs.7,620 per person/year to 75% population of the country.
The estimated cost of the Universal Basic Income scheme could be around 4.9% of GDP.
Definition of Universal Basic Income (UBI);
Universal Basic Income (UBI) is a model for providing a sum of money to all citizens of a country or other geographic area with a given sum of money, regardless of their income, employment status. The purpose of the UBI is to prevent or reduce poverty and increase equality among citizens.
Features of Universal Basic Income (UBI);
1. Universal Scheme: UBI is a universal scheme in nature. It means UBI is not targeted so all citizens of the country will receive the payment of cash without any discrimination.
2. Periodic: Money will be distributed to the beneficiaries at a fixed interval i.e. monthly/yearly.
3. Cash Payment: The beneficiaries will get the cash directly into their account. So they won't get anything in kind of cash i.e. vouchers for goods or services.
4. Unconditional Scheme: It means one need not prove his or her unemployment status or socio-economic identity to be eligible for UBI. So social or economic positions of the Beneficairy/individual are not taken into consideration.
5. Individual Beneficiary: In this scheme each citizen (or adult citizen) is considered as the beneficiary rather than each household.
Requirements of the Universal basic income (UBI):
1. UBI will be a landmark scheme in reducing inequality and eliminating poverty in the country.
2. UBI will increase the purchasing power of the poor section of the society so the aggregate demand in the economy will be high which will further motivate to the producer for more production and more investment.
3. It will ensure security and dignity for all individuals in the country.
The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC): Composition and Objectives
Benefits of Universal Basic Income (UBI):
1. Currently the government provides services through various social welfare schemes but now the government wants to change this trend by giving them cash so that peoples can buy services/goods of their choice.
2. UBI will provide secured income to individuals.
3. The scheme will reduce poverty and income inequality in society.
4. It will increase the purchasing power of every poor so aggregate demand in the economy will get a boost.
5. It is easy to implement because the government needs not to identify the beneficiaries which is very tough task for State and Central Government.
6. This scheme will reduce the wastage of government money because its implementation is very simple.
Possible drawbacks of the UBI;
1. There is a strong possibility that free cash to the poor can make them lazy or it may reduce the incentive for work.
2. There is no guarantee that the given cash will be spent on productive activities, health & education, etc. It may be spent on tobacco, alcohol, drugs, and other luxury goods etc.
3. Free cash to the people will increase the rate of inflation in the economy.
4. It may be that workers can refuse to work (as it had been observed in the case of MGNREGA) as a labourer or demand higher wages which can increase the cost of production of agricultural goods.
In conclusion it can be said that history has proven that freebies never changed the economic conditions of the people. So giving a sum of Rs.7,620 per person/year will not change much as we have seen this in the MGNREGA schemes which gives Rs. 10,000 per year to the people.
So the government should focus to increase the skill of the people at free cost rather than free cash.
