The International Co-ordinating Council (ICC) of UNESCO introduced the designation of ‘Biosphere reserve’ for natural areas in November, 1971. After their designation, biosphere reserves remain under national sovereign jurisdiction, yet they share their experience and ideas nationally, regionally and internationally within the World network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR).
Source: www.cpreec.org
Here, we are giving the list of Biosphere Reserves in India which is very useful for the preparation of competitive examinations like UPSC-prelims, SSC, State Services, NDA, CDS, and Railways etc.
Covers parts of Anupur and Dindori districts of Madhya Pradesh and parts Bilaspur districts of Chhattisgarh.
Agasthyamalai
Neyyyar, Peppara and Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuaries and their adjoining areas in Kerala.
Cold Desert
Pin Valley National Park and surroundings; Chandratal and Sarchu & Kibber Wildlife in Himachal Pradesh.
Dehang- Debang
Part of Siang and Dibang Valley in Arunachal Pradesh.
Dibru- Saikhowa
Part of Dibrugarh and Tinsukia Districts (Assam)
Great Nicobar
Southern most islands of Andaman & Nicobar.
Gulf of Mannar
Indian part of Gulf of Mannar between India and Srilanka (Tamil Nadu)
Kachchh
Part of Katchchh, Rajkot, Surendra Nagar and Patan Civil Districts of Gujarat State.
Khang Chendzonga
Parts of Khang Chenzonga hills and Sikkim.
Manas
Part of Kokrajhar, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamprup and Daran districts (Assam)
Nanda Devi
Part of Chamoli, Pithoragarh and Bageshwar districts (Uttarakhand)
Nilgiri
Part Wayanad, Nagarhole, Bandipur and Madumalai, Nilambur, Silent Valley and Siruvani hills (Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka)
Nokrek
Part of Garo Hills (Meghalya)
Seshachalam Hills
Covering parts of Chittor and Kadapa districts of Andhra Pradesh
Simlipal
Part of Mayurbhanj district (Orissa)
Sunderban
Part of delta of Ganges and Brahamaputra river system (West bengal)
The National Biosphere Reserve Programme in India was initiated in 1986 to serve as wider base for conservation of entire range of living resources and their ecological foundations in addition to already established protected area network system. It is this ecological diversity that makes India as one of the mega-diversity regions on the globe. Efforts are on to designate at least one Biosphere Reserve in each of the Bio-geographic Province.
java.lang.RuntimeException: Failed to execute rules and externals
at com.interwoven.livesite.runtime.model.component.Component.executeExternal(Component.java:455)
at com.interwoven.livesite.runtime.model.page.RuntimeComponent.buildComponentTransformData(RuntimeComponent.java:269)
at com.interwoven.livesite.runtime.model.page.RuntimeComponent.transform(RuntimeComponent.java:367)
at com.interwoven.livesite.runtime.model.page.RuntimeComponent.transform(RuntimeComponent.java:338)
at com.interwoven.livesite.runtime.page.PageTokenVariableComponent.transformComponent(PageTokenVariableComponent.java:315)
at com.interwoven.livesite.runtime.page.PageTokenVariableComponent.renderNoCache(PageTokenVariableComponent.java:221)
at com.interwoven.livesite.runtime.page.PageTokenVariableComponent.preRender(PageTokenVariableComponent.java:106)
at com.interwoven.livesite.runtime.page.PageTokenContainer.preRender(PageTokenContainer.java:260)
at com.interwoven.livesite.runtime.model.page.RuntimePage.transformAndOutput(RuntimePage.java:429)
at com.interwoven.livesite.runtime.model.page.RuntimePage.transformAndOutput(RuntimePage.java:410)
at com.interwoven.livesite.runtime.rendering.RenderingManager.doOutputPage(RenderingManager.java:1249)
at com.interwoven.livesite.runtime.rendering.RenderingManager.renderPageGoal(RenderingManager.java:340)
at com.interwoven.livesite.runtime.rendering.RenderingManager.render(RenderingManager.java:248)
at com.interwoven.livesite.runtime.filter.LiveSiteFilter.doFilter(LiveSiteFilter.java:129)
at org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.invokeDelegate(DelegatingFilterProxy.java:236)
at org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.doFilter(DelegatingFilterProxy.java:167)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.invoke(ApplicationDispatcher.java:728)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.processRequest(ApplicationDispatcher.java:467)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.doForward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:392)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.forward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:311)
at org.tuckey.web.filters.urlrewrite.NormalRewrittenUrl.doRewrite(NormalRewrittenUrl.java:213)
at org.tuckey.web.filters.urlrewrite.RuleChain.handleRewrite(RuleChain.java:171)
at org.tuckey.web.filters.urlrewrite.RuleChain.doRules(RuleChain.java:145)
at org.tuckey.web.filters.urlrewrite.UrlRewriter.processRequest(UrlRewriter.java:92)
at org.tuckey.web.filters.urlrewrite.UrlRewriteFilter.doFilter(UrlRewriteFilter.java:394)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:198)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:96)
at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:478)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:140)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:80)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:650)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:87)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:342)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:799)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:868)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1457)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Execution exception in com.interwoven.livesite.external.ExternalCall@71b62fbc[object=com.mmi.education.relatedprime.RelatedPrimeArticles,method=public org.dom4j.Document getRelatedArticle(com.interwoven.livesite.runtime.RequestContext,),scope=local,parameters={},prefixCalls=[]]
at com.interwoven.livesite.common.pojo.PojoMethodCall.execute(PojoMethodCall.java:460)
at com.interwoven.livesite.external.ExternalCall.execute(ExternalCall.java:142)
at com.interwoven.livesite.runtime.model.component.Component.executeExternal(Component.java:426)
... 45 more
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Class not found: com.mmi.education.relatedprime.RelatedPrimeArticles
at com.interwoven.livesite.common.util.ClassUtils.getClass(ClassUtils.java:131)
at com.interwoven.livesite.common.util.ClassUtils.newInstance(ClassUtils.java:177)
at com.interwoven.livesite.common.pojo.PojoMethodCall.getLocallyScopedObject(PojoMethodCall.java:471)
at com.interwoven.livesite.common.pojo.PojoMethodCall.execute(PojoMethodCall.java:453)
... 47 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.mmi.education.relatedprime.RelatedPrimeArticles
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1285)
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1119)
at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:264)
at com.interwoven.livesite.common.util.ClassUtils.getClass(ClassUtils.java:127)
... 50 more
