JEE Main 2025 Chemistry Syllabus: PDF Download, Deleted Topics, and Weightage

CHEMISTRY

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

UNIT I: SOME BASIC CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY

Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory, Concept of atom, molecule, element and compound, Laws of chemical combination, Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae, Chemical equations and stoichiometry. 

UNIT 2: ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect, spectrum of the hydrogen atom, Bohr model of a hydrogen atom - its postulates, derivation of the relations for the energy of the electron and radii of the different orbits, limitations of Bohr's model, dual nature of matter, de Broglie's relationship, Heisenbergun certainty principle, elementary ideas of quantum mechanics, the quantum mechanical model of the atom and its important features, concept of atomic orbitals as one-electron wave functions, variation of 𝝋 and 𝝋2 with r for 1s and 2s orbitals, various quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum and magnetic quantum numbers) and their significance, shapes of s, p and d - orbitals, electron spin and spin quantum number, rules for filling electrons in orbitals – Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle andHund'srule, electronic configuration of elements and extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals. 

UNIT 3: CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

Kossel-Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, the concept of ionic and covalent bonds. Ionic Bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds; calculationoflattice enthalpy. 

Covalent Bonding: Concept of electronegativity, Fajan’s rule, dipole moment, Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR ) theory and shapes of simple molecules. 

Quantum mechanical approach to covalent bonding: Valence bond theory - its important features, the  concept of hybridization involving s, p and d orbitals, resonance. 

Molecular Orbital Theory - Its important features, LCAOs, types of molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds, molecular orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules, the concept of bond order, bond length and bond energy. Elementary idea of metallic bonding, hydrogen bonding and its applications. 

UNIT 4: CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS

Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, entropy, types of processes. 

The first law of thermodynamics - Concept of work, heat, internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity, molar heat capacity, Hess’s law of constant heat summation, Enthalpies of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, hydration, ionization and solution. 

The second law of thermodynamics - Spontaneity of processes, ΔS of the universe and ΔG of the system as criteria for spontaneity. ΔG°(Standard Gibbs energy change) and equilibrium constant. 

UNIT 5: SOLUTIONS

Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution - molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both), the vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult's Law- Ideal and nonideal solutions, vapour pressure - composition, plots for ideal and non- ideal solutions, Colligative properties of dilute solutions - a relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, the elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure, determination of molecular mass using colligative properties, abnormal value of molar mass, van’t Hoff factor and its significance.

UNIT 6: EQUILIBRIUM

Meaning of equilibrium is the concept of dynamic equilibrium. Equilibria involving physical processes: Solid-liquid, liquid-gas, gas-gas and solid-gas equilibria, Henry's law. General characteristics of equilibrium involving physical processes. Equilibrium involving chemical processes: Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants (KpandKc) and their significance, the significance of ΔG and ΔG° in chemical equilibrium, factors affecting equilibrium concentration, pressure, temperature, the effect of catalyst, Le Chatelier’s principle. Ionic equilibrium: Weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes, various concepts of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Bronsted - Lowry and Lewis) and their ionization, acid-base equilibria (including multistage ionization) and ionization constants, ionization of water, pH scale, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions, the solubility of sparingly soluble salts, solubility products and buffer solutions. 

UNIT 7: REDOX REACTIONS AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for assigning oxidation number and balancing of redox reactions. Electrolytic and metallic conduction, conductance in electrolytic solutions, molar conductivities and their variation with concentration, Kohlrausch’s law and its applications. Electrochemical cells - Electrolytic and Galvanic cells, different types of electrodes, electrode potentials including standard electrode potential, half-cell and cell reactions, emf of a Galvanic cell and its measurement, Nernst equation and its applications, relationship between cell potential and Gibbs' energy change, dry cell and lead accumulator, fuel cells. 

UNIT 8: CHEMICAL KINETICS

Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate of reactions: concentration, temperature, pressure and catalyst, elementary and complex reactions, order and molecularity of reactions, rate law, rate constant and its units, differential and integral forms of zero and first-order reactions, their characteristics and half-lives, the effect of temperature on the rate of reactions, Arrhenius theory, activation energy and its calculation, collision theory of bi-molecular gaseous reactions (no derivation). 

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

UNIT 9: CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES

Modern periodic law and present form of the periodic table, s, p. d and f block elements, periodic trends in properties of elements of atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states and chemical reactivity. 

UNIT 10: p- BLOCK ELEMENTS

Group -13 to Group 18 Elements

General Introduction: Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical propertiesofelements across the periods and down the groups, unique behaviour of the first element in each group. 

UNIT 11: d - and f- BLOCK ELEMENTS

Transition Elements - General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general trends in properties of the first-row transition elements - physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, colour, catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation, preparation, properties and uses of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4. 

Inner Transition Elements

Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and Lanthanoid contraction.

Actinoids - Electronic configuration and oxidation states. 

UNIT 12: COORDINATION COMPOUNDS

Introduction to coordination compounds. Werner's theory, ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear co-ordination compounds, isomerism, Bonding: Valencebond approach and basic ideas of Crystal field theory, colour and magnetic properties, importanceofcoordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and in biological systems). 

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

UNIT 13: PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDSPurification - Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction and chromatography-principles and their applications. Qualitative analysis - Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and halogens. Quantitative analysis (basic principles only) - Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur and phosphorus. Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae, numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis. 

UNIT 14: SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Tetravalency of carbon, shapes of simple molecules - hybridization (s and p): classification of organic compounds based on functional groups and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur, homologous series: Isomerism - structural and stereoisomerism. Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC)

Covalent bond fission - Homolytic and heterolytic, free radicals, carbocations and carbanions, stabilityofcarbocations and free radicals, electrophiles and nucleophiles. Electronic displacement in a covalent bond

- Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation. Common types of organic reactions- Substitution, addition, elimination and rearrangement. 

UNITS 15:HYDROCARBONS

Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties and reactions. Alkanes - Conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane), mechanism of halogenationofalkanes. Alkenes - Geometrical isomerism, mechanism of electrophilic addition, addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoffs and peroxide effect), Ozonolysis and polymerization. Alkynes - Acidic character, addition of hydrogen, halogens, water and hydrogen halides, polymerization. Aromatic hydrocarbons - Nomenclature, benzene - structure and aromaticity, mechanism of electrophilic substitution, halogenation, nitration. Friedel-Craft's alkylation and acylation, directive influence of the functional group in mono- substituted benzene. 

UNIT 16: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING HALOGENS

General methods of preparation, properties and reactions, nature of C-X bond, mechanisms of substitution reactions. Uses, environmental effects of chloroform, iodoform, freons and DDT.

UNIT 17: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING OXYGEN

General methods of preparation, properties, reactions and uses. 

ALCOHOLS,PHENOLS AND ETHERS

Alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration. 

Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions, halogenation, nitration and sulphonation, Reimer - Tiemann reaction. 

Ethers: Structure. 

Aldehyde and Ketones: Nature of carbonyl group, nucleophilic addition to >C=Ogroup, relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones, important reactions such as - Nucleophilic addition reactions(addition of HCN, NH3 and its derivatives), Grignard reagent, oxidation, reduction (Wolf Kishner andClemmensen), the acidity of 𝛼 -hydrogen. Aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Haloform reaction, chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones. Carboxylic Acids: Acidic strength and factors affecting it. 

UNIT 18: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING NITROGEN

General methods of preparation, properties, reactions and uses. Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, basic character and identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines and their basic character. Diazonium Salts: Importance in synthetic organic chemistry. 

UNIT 19: BIOMOLECULES

General introduction and importance of biomolecules. 

CARBOHYDRATES – Classification, aldoses and ketoses, monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) and constituent monosaccharides of oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose and maltose). 

PROTEINS - Elementary idea of 𝛼-amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes. 

VITAMINS – Classification and functions. 

NUCLEIC ACIDS – Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA, biological functions of nucleic acids. Hormones (General introduction)

UNIT 20: PRINCIPLES RELATED TO PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY

Detection of extra elements (Nitrogen, sulphur, halogens) in organic compounds, detection of the following functional groups, hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketones) carboxyl

and amino groups in organic compounds.  The chemistry involved in the preparation of the following:

Inorganic compounds, Mohr’s salt, potash alum. Organic compounds: Acetanilide, p-nitro acetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform.  The chemistry involved in the titrimetric exercises – acids, bases and the use of indicators, oxalic-acid vs KMnO4, Mohr’s salt vs KMnO4

Chemical principles involved in the qualitative salt analysis:

Cations – Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Al³⁺, Fe3+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+ Anions- CO32−, S2-, SO42−, NO3-, NO2-, Cl-, Br-, I- ( Insoluble salts excluded). Chemical principles involved in the following experiments:

1. Enthalpy of solution of CuSO4

2. Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid and strong base. 

3. Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols. 

4. Kinetic study of the reaction of iodide ions with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature.

Download JEE Main 2025 Syllabus PDF - Chemistry

Subject-wise distribution of Questions, Total Number of Questions, and Marks

Subject

Section A

Section B

Marks

Mathematics

20* 

5 

100

Chemistry

20* 

5 

100

Chemistry

20* 

5 

100

Total

75

300

* Each Subject will have two sections. Section A will be of Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) and Section B will contain Questions whose answers are to be filled in as a numerical value. In Section B, candidates have to attempt 05 (five) questions. There will be negative marking for both Section A and Section B. For each question in Section B, a candidate has to enter the correct integer value of the answer using the mouse and the on-screen virtual numeric keypad in the place designated to enter the answer. For Section B, the answer should be rounded off to the nearest integer.

UNIT & TOPIC NAME

NO. OF  QUESTIONS

TOTAL  MARKS

( % )  WEIGHTAGE

Chemistry

27

108

90%

Physical Chemistry

9

36

30.00%

Class - 12

26

8

6.67%

Electrochemistry

1

4

3.33%

Application Of Nernst Equation In Different Type Of Electrodes And Cells

1

4

3.33%

Solution Colligative Properties

1

4

3.33%

Degree of lonisation / Dissociation For Weak Electrolytes

1

4

3.33%

Class - 11

7

28

23.33%

Atomic Structure

2

8

6.6

Calculation Related To Nucleus

1

4

3.33%

De Broglie Wavelength And Uncertainty Principle

1

4

3.33%

Mole concept

3

12

10.00%

Stoichiometry , Equation Based Calculations ( Elementary Level Single

Equation Or 2 )

1

4

3.33%

Balancing Redox Reactions

2

8

6.67%

Ionic Equilibrium

1

4

3.33%

Salt hydrolysis , pH calculation Solutions of salt of monoprotic acid and

monoacidic base

1

4

3.33%

Thermodynamics

1

4

3.33%

Adiabatic And Isothermal Processes

1

4

3.33%

Inorganic Chemistry

8

32

26.67%

Class - 12

2

8

6.67%

Coordination Compound

2

8

6.67%

Valence Bond Theory + Crystal Field Theory ( Part - I )

1

4

3.33%

General Introduction Of Complex Salts And Definitions To Be Used

1

4

3.33%

Class - 11

6

24

20.00%

Chemical Bonding

5

20

16.67%

Vsepr Theory

1

4

3.33%

Fajan's Rule And Its Applications

1

4

3.33%

Applications Of H - Bond

1

4

3.33%

Acidic and basic character

1

4

3.33%

Types Of Chemical Bond And Octet Rule

1

4

3.33%

Periodic Table Periodicity

1

4

3.33%

Atomic And lonic Radius

1

4

3.33%

Organic Chemistry 

10

40

33.33%

Class -12

8

32

26.67%

Biomolecule and Polymer 

1

4

3.33%

Nucleic Acids and Lipids 

1

4

3.33%

Haloalkane & Haloarenes 

1

4

3.33%

Introduction to reaction Mechanism 

1

4

3.33%

Aromatic Compounds (Benzene, Aryl halide, Phenol, Amines & Diazonium salt )

4

16

13.33%

Aromatic Compounds (Benzene ,Aryl Halide ,Phenol ,Amines And Diazonium Salt )

1

4

3.33%

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution 

3

12

10.00%

Streoisomerism

1

4

3.33%

Calculation of Number of Stereoisomers

1

4

3.33%

Oxidation &Hydrolysis of Organic

1

4

3.33%

Reduction 

1

4

3.33%

Class -11

2

8

6.67%

IUPAC &Structural Isomerism 

1

4

3.33%

IUPAC -Nomenclature Of Functional Groups (Sulfonyl ,Ketone ,Hydroxyl ,Amine Group Etc. )

1

4

3.33%

Structural Identification 

1

4

3.33%

Elements detection and Chromatography 

1

4

3.33%