How Well Do You Know U.S. Government Buildings? Check Quiz Questions with Answers and Facts

U.S. government buildings reflect the nation’s identity, governance, and history. From the legislative workings of the Capitol to the judicial authority of the Supreme Court and the defense strategies housed within the Pentagon, each structure plays a unique role in American democracy. These buildings also carry a blend of architectural styles such as classical, modern, and functional. They symbolise ideals like justice, transparency, and strength. Their historical importance and symbolic relevance make them cornerstones of U.S. civic life and governance.

Manvi Upadhyaya
Jul 27, 2025, 12:16 EDT

U.S. government buildings are more than just workplaces and they are symbols of democracy, power, history, and civic identity. Many prominent U.S. government buildings, such as the U.S. Capitol, the White House (with advance requests), and the Library of Congress, offer public tours or viewing opportunities, though access and requirements can vary. From neoclassical masterpieces to cutting-edge federal architecture, these sites have shaped the nation's narrative. How well do you know the landmarks that house American governance? Test your knowledge of these iconic structures, their functions, and the facts that make them vital to the country’s story.

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Here are 10 Quiz Questions with Answers & Explanations about the U.S. Government Buildings

Q1. What is the name of the building that houses the United States Congress?
A) The White House
B) The Pentagon
C) The Capitol
D) The Supreme Court

Answer: C) The Capitol
Explanation:
The United States Capitol is home to the U.S. Congress, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Located in Washington, D.C., it was completed in 1800 and is one of the most recognizable symbols of the American government.

Q2. Which U.S. government building is shaped like a five-sided polygon?
A) The Capitol
B) The Pentagon
C) The White House
D) Library of Congress

Answer: B) The Pentagon
Explanation:
The Pentagon, completed in 1943, serves as the headquarters for the U.S. Department of Defense. Its unique five-sided structure spans over 6.5 million square feet, making it one of the world's largest office buildings.

Q3. Where is the headquarters of the United States Supreme Court located?
A) Inside the Capitol
B) Adjacent to the White House
C) On Capitol Hill, Washington D.C.
D) In the National Archives Building

Answer: C) On Capitol Hill, Washington D.C.
Explanation:
The U.S. Supreme Court has its own building, completed in 1935, located just east of the Capitol. It houses the nation’s highest judicial authority.

Q4. Which building serves as the official residence and workplace of the U.S. President?
A) Blair House
B) The White House
C) Camp David
D) The Eisenhower Executive Office Building

Answer: B) The White House

Explanation: The White House, located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, has been the official residence of every U.S. president since John Adams in 1800. It includes executive offices, living quarters, and ceremonial spaces.

Q5. What is the main purpose of the National Archives Building in Washington, D.C.?
A) Hosting the President's Cabinet
B) Holding Supreme Court trials
C) Housing the Declaration of Independence and Constitution
D) Overseeing national defense strategies

Answer: C) Housing the Declaration of Independence and Constitution
Explanation:
The National Archives Building preserves and displays America’s most important founding documents, including the Constitution, the Declaration of Independence, and the Bill of Rights.

Q6. Which U.S. government building contains the offices of the House of Representatives members?
A) Russell Senate Office Building
B) Rayburn House Office Building
C) The Pentagon
D) The Capitol Dome

Answer: B) Rayburn House Office Building
Explanation:
The Rayburn House Office Building is the largest congressional office building and is part of the Capitol Complex. It houses offices for members of the House of Representatives and was completed in 1965.

Q7. Which building is home to the Vice President’s ceremonial office and many executive branch agencies?
A) West Wing
B) Eisenhower Executive Office Building
C) Capitol Visitor Center
D) Treasury Building

Answer: B) Eisenhower Executive Office Building
Explanation:
Located next to the White House, this ornate structure houses various executive offices, including those of the Vice President, the Office of Management and Budget, and the National Security Council.

Q8. Which building famously features a dome topped with the Statue of Freedom?
A) U.S. Capitol
B) Lincoln Memorial
C) Jefferson Memorial
D) Department of Justice

Answer: A) U.S. Capitol
Explanation:
The Capitol’s dome, crowned by the bronze Statue of Freedom, is one of the most iconic elements of American architecture. The dome was completed during the Civil War, symbolising unity and liberty.

Q9. What building is responsible for managing U.S. currency and economic policy?
A) Federal Reserve Building
B) U.S. Mint
C) Department of the Treasury Building
D) IRS Headquarters

Answer: C) Department of the Treasury Building
Explanation:
The Treasury Building, located near the White House, was established in the 19th century and oversees the economic and fiscal systems, including federal spending, currency production, and tax collection.

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Q10. Which library is the largest in the world and serves as a research arm of Congress?
A) New York Public Library
B) Library of Congress
C) National Library of Medicine
D) Smithsonian Institution Archives

Answer: B) Library of Congress
Explanation:
The Library of Congress, founded in 1800, holds more than 170 million items. It supports legislative research and preserves vast collections of books, maps, films, and manuscripts.

How many answers did you get right? Share this quiz with your friends and family and enhance your knowledge about the iconic U.S. Government Buildings. 

Manvi Upadhyaya
Manvi Upadhyaya

Content Writer

    Manvi Upadhyaya is an experienced content writer who is passionate about creating authentic content by delivering credible facts to people. She holds a degree in Journalism and Mass Communication and is fond of art, languages, culture, and education. She has been a published co-author and compiler for many anthology book projects. She creates educational and informative content for international audiences. You can reach out to her at manvi.upadhyaya@jagrannewmedia.com

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