All About Idaho - Flag, Map, Geography, History, Facts and Education

Jul 9, 2025, 10:42 EDT

 Idaho, the 43rd U.S. state, is known as the "Gem State" due to its striking wilderness, rugged mountains, and frontier spirit. Located in the northwestern U.S., it borders six states and British Columbia, ranking 14th in total area. Its geography is shaped by the Snake River, mountains, and fertile plains. The state flag features its seal on a deep blue background. Idaho's diverse climate and rich flora and fauna include vast forests and rare wildlife like grizzly bears and gray wolves. The population is predominantly of European descent with a growing Hispanic community, and Mormon culture is influential in some regions. Key educational institutions include the University of Idaho. Historically, Idaho was home to Native American tribes before European settlement and achieved statehood in 1890. Its economy is driven by agriculture (especially potatoes), mining, hydroelectric power, and a growing technology sector. Idaho is celebrated for its natural beauty, history, and resilience.

All About Idaho
All About Idaho

Idaho, the 43rd state to join the United States, is a land of striking wilderness, rugged mountain terrain, and a deep-rooted frontier spirit. Known as the “Gem State,” Idaho offers a unique blend of rich history, cultural diversity, and scenic beauty.

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Where is Idaho Located?

Idaho lies in the northwestern United States, bordering six U.S. states, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington, and the Canadian province of British Columbia. It ranks 14th in total area among U.S. states, spreading across 83,569 square miles.

Idaho on the Map

The state's irregular shape resembles a logger’s boot. The Snake River arcs across southern Idaho, shaping much of its geography and economy. To the north, rugged mountain ranges dominate the landscape, while fertile plains and deep river canyons define the south.

Source: worldatlas.com

Idaho State Flag and Symbols

  • State Flag: Features the state seal on a deep blue background.

Source: wikipedia.org

  • State Bird: Mountain Bluebird

Source: wikipedia.org

  • State Flower: Syringa (mock orange)

  • State Motto: “Esto Perpetua” (Let it be perpetual)

The flag and symbols reflect Idaho’s natural beauty, pioneering spirit, and historical identity.

Geography and Natural Wonders

Idaho’s diverse land includes four major physiographic regions:

  • Northern & Middle Rocky Mountains

  • Columbia Basin

  • Basin and Range Province

Borah Peak, Idaho’s highest point at 12,662 feet, towers in the Lost River Range. The Snake River, home to Shoshone Falls and Hells Canyon (North America’s deepest gorge), serves as a vital water and power resource.

The state boasts over 2,000 lakes and abundant wilderness areas like the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness, a haven for outdoor lovers.

Climate of Idaho

Idaho’s climate varies significantly due to elevation. Northern Idaho experiences more rainfall and snow, while the Snake River Plain is one of the driest areas. Winters can be cold, especially in the central mountains, while summers are generally warm and dry.

Flora, Fauna, and Wildlife

About two-fifths of Idaho is forested, with vast stretches of Douglas fir, ponderosa pine, and white pine. It’s one of the few states where grizzly bears, gray wolves, and whooping cranes can still be found in the wild. Trout fishing, elk hunting, and birdwatching are popular pastimes.

People and Culture

The population is predominantly of European descent, with a growing Hispanic community. Idaho is deeply influenced by Mormon culture, especially in southeastern regions. Urban centers like Boise, Idaho Falls, and Coeur d’Alene are hubs of economic and social activity.

Education in Idaho

Idaho is home to respected institutions like:

  • University of Idaho (Moscow)

  • Idaho State University (Pocatello)

  • Boise State University

The University of Idaho, a land-grant college, specializes in agriculture, mining, forestry, and engineering fields tied closely to the state’s economy.

Historical Overview

  • Early Inhabitants:

Idaho was home to Native American tribes like the Nez Percé, Shoshone, and Coeur d’Alene for thousands of years.

  • European Settlement:

The Lewis and Clark Expedition arrived in 1805. Gold rushes and missionary activities followed, leading to Idaho becoming a U.S. territory in 1863 and achieving statehood on July 3, 1890.

  • Modern Growth:

Known for its independence and conservative politics, Idaho has seen rapid population growth, especially around Boise and Coeur d’Alene, due to migration from states like California and Washington.

Economy at a Glance

  • Agriculture: Potatoes (Idaho grows over one-third of U.S. potatoes), wheat, sugar beets

  • Mining: Molybdenum, silver, lead, and phosphate

  • Energy: Hydroelectric power is the leading energy source

  • Technology & Services: Boise has become a growing tech and service hub

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Conclusion

From its soaring peaks and pristine rivers to its rich cultural tapestry and pioneering legacy, Idaho stands as a symbol of rugged beauty and quiet resilience in the American Northwest. Whether you're exploring its national parks, diving into its history, or enrolling in its educational institutions, Idaho leaves a lasting impression.


Sneha Singh
Sneha Singh

Content Writer

    Sneha Singh is a US News Content Writer at Jagran Josh, covering major developments in international policies and global affairs. She holds a degree in Journalism and Mass Communication from Amity University, Lucknow Campus. With over six months of experience as a Sub Editor at News24 Digital, Sneha brings sharp news judgment, SEO expertise and a passion for impactful storytelling.

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    FAQs

    • What is the highest point in Idaho?
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      Borah Peak, at 12,662 feet, is the highest point in Idaho and is located in the Lost River Range.
    • Why is Idaho called the "Gem State"?
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      Idaho is known as the "Gem State" due to its striking wilderness, rugged mountains, and frontier spirit, as well as its abundance of natural resources.

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