ISC Class 12th Biology Syllabus 2026-27: Download FREE PDF for Board Exam

ISC Class 12th Biology syllabus is now available on the official website. As the new academic session is going on and syllabus being an important resource for students to prepare for there exam. As the biology syllabus is same as previous year there has been no changes for this academic year. The modifications has been already made last year and the syllabus we have provided here is revised and updated. Students can refer and download the PDF from the link mentioned below. 

The Biology Syllabus is consist of Five units and total marks 70 for theory section, practical will consist of 30 marks. It also explains the course structure in details and practical evaluation criteria along with marks. Students are always advised to follow the syllabus to make their concepts clear from the basic level to high level. Check out the full article and download PDF

ISC Class 12th Biology: Unit Structure

ISC Class 12th Biology: Detailed Course Structure

Reproduction

(i) Sexual reproduction in flowering plants:

Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination - types, agencies, and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilisation; post-fertilization events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes - apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.

(ii) Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis - spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea).

(iii) Reproductive Health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control - need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies

Genetics and Evolution

(i) Principles of inheritance and variation: Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism - incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosomal theory of inheritance; sex determination, linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance; Mendelian disorders in humans; chromosomal disorders in humans.

(ii) Molecular basis of Inheritance: Chromosomes and genes; Search for genetic material; structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging: central dogma; DNA replication; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation - lac operon; human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting.

(iii) Evolution: Origin of life; biological evolution and evidence for biological evolution (palaeontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence); Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution - variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy - Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution.

Biology and Human Welfare

(i) Human Health and Diseases: Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (viruses, bacteria, protozoans, helminths, and fungi). Basic concepts of immunology - vaccines, cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence - drug and alcohol abuse.

(ii) Microbes in Human Welfare: In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as biocontrol agents and biofertilisers. Antibiotics

Biotechnology and Its Applications

(i) Biotechnology - Principles and processes: Genetic Engineering (recombinant DNA technology).

(ii) Biotechnology and its applications: Applications of biotechnology in health and agriculture: human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy and bioparents.

Ecology and Environment

(i) Organisms and Populations: Population, population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution

(ii) Ecosystem: Ecosystem patterns, components, productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy.

(iii) Biodiversity and its Conservation: Concept of biodiversity; patterns of biodiversity; importance of biodiversity; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.

To Doenload the Complete ISC Class 12th Biology Syllabus 2026-27, students can click and download the free PDF. Direct Link here. 

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ISC Class 12th Biology Project Work Evaluation Criteria

Check the table below which explains the evaluation criteria for ISC Class 12 Biology. This can be helpful for you to figure out the project and file work:

As syllabus places an important role, they can refer the syllabus and start preparing for the topic for pre exams and for finals to score good marks.