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Analogy means Similarity or resemblance or some kind of relationship between two given things. Analogy test, therefore intends to evaluate one’s ability to comprehend the relationship that exist s between two objects, things or figures. There are infinite possibilities in establishing relation between two objects. Here, some important relationships are as follows:
1. Cause and Effect Relationship
Example: Education: Development
a) Man: speech
b) Nutrition: health
c) Game: Play
d) Child: Growth
The relationship between development and education is of cause and effect. Education is a cause for development. Among the four choices, only (b) nutrition is a cause for health.
Hence b is the answer
2. Part and Whole Relationship
Example: House: Room
a) Struggle: fight
b) Transport: car
c) School: college
d) Boy: girl
Room is a part of house. Similarly car is a part of transport system.
Hence b is the answer
3. Part: Part relationship
Example: Gill: Fin
a) Salad: rice
b) Sea: fish
c) Kill: bomb
d) Question: team
Just as gill and fin are two different parts of a fish so salad and rice are parts of food.
Hence a is the answer
4. Purpose relationship
Example: Glove: Ball
a) Summer: winter
b) Game: study
c) Stadium: seats
d) Hook: fish
Just as a Glove helps catch a ball, hooks helps to catch a fish
Hence d is the answer
5. Action to object relationship
Example: Break: Piece
a) Writer: pen
b) Bread: bake
c) Kick: football
d) Muddy: Unclear
Just as break is an action that makes pieced, so kick is an action that makes the football move.
Hence c is the answer
6. Study and topic relationship
Example: Linguistics: Language
a) Gardener: harrow
b) Hen: chicken
c) Scale: length
d) Anthropology: man
Just linguistics is the science of language, so anthropology is the study of man’s life
Hence d is the answer
7. Word and antonym relationship
Example: Confidence: diffidence
a) Dastard: coward
b) Field: farm
c) House: garbage
d) Baffle: clarify
Just as diffidence is the opposite of confidence, so clarify is the opposite of baffle.
Hence d is the answer
8. Degree Relationship
Example: Warm: Hot
a) Tailor: textile
b) Sun: planet
c) Horrible: heinous
d) Fight: war
Just as hot is the greater degree of warm, so war is the greater degree of fight.
9. Creature and offspring relationship
Example: Horse: Colt
a) Goat: bleat
b) Dawn: twilight
c) Dog: Puppy
d) Actor: stage
Just a colt is a young one of horse so puppy is the young one of dog.
Hence c is the answer
10. Word and Synonym Relationship
Example: Abate: Lessen
a) Sweet: bitter
b) Ice: solid
c) Dog: bitch
d) Secret: clandestine
Just as abate and lessen have similar meanings, so secret or clandestine have similar meanings.