HBSE Class 12 Latest Physics 2024-25 Syllabus Available, Download The PDF For Free!

Haryana Board Class 12 Physics Syllabus: The Haryana Board Of School Education is responsible for creating the HBSE Physics syllabus for class 12 and also conducting the exam. Students can download the latest released HBSE syllabus for Class 12 Physics from the official website. Going through the syllabus can help the students know the topics they are going to study in Physics during the academic year. Direct download links are provided below. 

General Instructions For The Exam

1. There will be an Annual Examination based on the entire syllabus.
2. The annual examination (Theory) will be of 70 Marks whereas the Practical examination will be 30 marks (15 marks each for external and internal examinations). Therefore, the Total annual evaluation (70+30) will be of 100 marks.
3. For Practical examination, the criteria are as follows: Total Time: 3 Hours

Practicals For The Exam

HBSE Class 12 Physics Core Structure

Unit-1: Electrostatics

Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields

Electric Charge, Basic Properties Of Electric Charge: Additivity of charges, conservation of charges, Coulomb's law, force between multiple charges. 

Electric field, electric field due to a system of charges, physical significance of electric field, electric field lines, electric dipole, The field of an electric dipole (for points on the axis and on equatorial plane) Dipole in a uniform external field. Continuous charge distribution.

Electric flux, Gauss’s law, Applications of Gauss’s law: Field due to an infinitely long straight uniformly charged wire, Field due to uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, Field due to a uniformly charged thin spherical shell.

Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 

Electrostatic Potential, Potential due to a point charge, Potential due to an electric dipole, Potential due to a system of charges, Equipotential surfaces, Relation between field and potential. The potential energy of a system of charges. The potential energy of a dipole in an external field.

Electrostatics of Conductors, Dielectrics and Polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, the parallel plate capacitor, Effect of Dielectric on capacitance, combination of capacitors (series and parallel), Energy stored in a capacitor, energy density.

Unit 2: Current Electricity

Chapter 3: Current Electricity

Electric current, the flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, ohm's law, drift velocity, current density, mobility and their relation with electric current, Limitations of ohm's law, Resistivity of various metals, Temperature dependence of resistivity, Electrical energy, Power, cells: EMF, Internal resistance, Cells in series and parallel, Kirchhoff's rules, Wheatstone bridge. 

Unit 3: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

Concept of magnetic Field, Lorentz force, Magnetic force on a current carrying conductor, motion of charge in a magnetic field, Biot Savart Law, Magnetic field on the axis of a circular current loop, Ampere’s circuital law, Solenoid, force between two parallel current carrying conductors – definition of ampere, Torque on a rectangular current loop in a uniform magnetic field, circular current loop as a magnetic dipole, Moving coil galvanometer: its sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.

Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter

Bar magnet, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid (qualitative treatment only), Magnetic field lines, dipole in the uniform magnetic field, Magnetisation and Magnetic Intensity, Magnetic Properties of Materials: Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism, Ferromagnetism.

Unit 4: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction

The Experiments of Faraday and Henry, Faraday’s law of Induction, Lens’s law and Conservation of Energy, Motional Electromotive force, Inductance, sell inductance of the coil, Mutual Inductance for long co-axial solenoids, Energy stored in the inductor, AC generator.

Chapter 7: Alternating Current

Peak and RMS value of alternating current (No derivation), AC voltage applied to a Resistor, Representation of AC and voltage by Rotating vectors – Phasors, AC voltage applied to an Inductor, AC voltage applied to a capacitor, AC voltage applied to a series LCR circuit, Resonance, Power in AC circuit: Power factor, Transformers.

Unit 5: Electromagnetic Waves

Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves

The basic idea of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves: Sources and nature of electromagnetic waves, Electromagnetic spectrum: Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared waves, Visible rays, Ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and Gamma rays (elementary facts about their uses).

Unit 6: Optics

Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Reflection of light by spherical Mirror, Mirror formula, Refraction of light, Total Internal Reflection, Applications of TIR, Refraction at Spherical surfaces, Refraction by a lens, lens maker’s formula. Power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact. Refraction through a prism.Optical Instruments: Microscope (Simple and Compound), Telescope (refracting type and reflecting type Cassegrain)

Chapter 10: Wave Optics

Wavefront, Huygens Principle, Reflection and Refraction of the plane wave using Huygens Principle, Coherent sources, Interference of light waves, Young’s Double slit experiment, conditions for constructive and destructive interference, fringe width (No derivation). Diffraction due to a single slit (qualitative treatment only). Polarisation, law of Malus.

Unit 7: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Electron Emission, Photoelectric effect: Experimental study of Photoelectric effect, Photoelectric effect, and wave theory of light, Einstein’s Photoelectric equation, Particle Nature of light: photon, wave nature of matter, de-Broglie formula.

Unit 8: Atoms and Nuclei

Chapter 12: Atoms

Alpha-particle scattering and Rutherford’s Nuclear model of the atom, impact parameter, distance of closest approach, Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, Expression for the radius of the nth possible orbit, velocity, and energy of the electron in the nth orbit, energy level diagram of the hydrogen atom, The line spectra of the Hydrogen atom, De Broglie explanation of Bohr’s second postulate of quantization.

Chapter 13: Nuclei

Composition and size of nucleus, Mass-Energy relation, mass defect, binding energy per nucleon, and its variation with mass number, nuclear force, Radioactivity (qualitative treatment only), Nuclear energy: nuclear fission and fusion, Controlled thermonuclear fusion.

Unit 9: Electronic Devices

Chapter 14: Semiconductors Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

Classification of Metals, insulators, and semiconductors based on energy bands (qualitative treatment), Intrinsic semiconductor, Extrinsic semiconductor: P and n-type, P-n junction formation, Semiconductor diode: p-n junction diode under forward bias, p-n junction diode under reverse bias, semiconductor diode I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, junction diode as Rectifier: Half wave and full wave rectifier.

PRACTICALS:

The record is to be submitted by the students, at the time of their annual examination and has to include:

• Record of at least 8 experiments [with 4 from each section], to be performed by the students.
• Record of at least 6 Activities [with 3 from each section], to be performed by the students.
• Report on the project carried out by the students.

SECTION-A

1. To determine the resistivity of two/three given wires by plotting a graph for potential difference versus current.
2. To find the resistance of a given wire / standard resistor using a meter bridge.
3. To verify the laws of combination (series) / parallel of resistances using a meter bridge.
4. To determine the resistance of a galvanometer by the half-deflection method and to find its figure of merit.
5. To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into a voltmeter/ammeter of the desired range and verify the same.
6. To find the frequency of AC mains with a sonometer.

Activities

1. To measure the resistance and impedance of an inductor with or without an iron core.
2. To measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), and current (AC) and check the continuity of a given circuit using a multimeter.
3. To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches, a fuse, and a power source.
4. To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit.
5. To study the variation in potential drop with the length of a wire for a steady current.
6. To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery, resistor/rheostat, key, ammeter, and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not connected in proper order and correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram.

SECTION-B

1. To find the value of v for different values of u in the case of a concave mirror and to find the focal length.
2. To find the focal length of a convex mirror, using a convex lens.
3. To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or between 1/u and 1/v.
4. To find the focal length of a concave lens, use a convex lens.
5. To determine the angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph between the angle of incidence and the angle of deviation.
6. To determine the refractive index of a glass slab using a traveling microscope.
7. To find the refractive index of a liquid using (i) a convex lens, (ii) a concave mirror, and plane mirror.
8. To draw the I-V characteristic curve for a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias.

Activities

1. To identify a diode, an LED, a resistor, and a capacitor from a mixed collection of such items.
2. Use a multimeter to see the unidirectional flow of current in the case of a diode and an LED and check whether a given electronic component (e.g., diode) is in working order.
3. To study the effect of intensity of light (by varying distance of the source) on an LDR.
4. To observe refraction and lateral deviation of a beam of light incident obliquely on a glass slab.
5. To observe diffraction of light due to a thin slit.
6. To study the nature and size of the image formed by a (i) convex lens, or (ii) concave mirror, on a screen by using a candle and a screen (for different distances of the candle from the lens/mirror).
7. To obtain a lens combination with the specified focal length by using two lenses from the given set of lenses.

Question Paper Design

HBSE Class 12 Physics 2024-25 Syllabus Available, Free PDF Download

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