UK Board Class 12 Political Science Syllabus 2024-25: Download Free Syllabus For Board Exam

 Globalisation 

Recent Developments in Indian Politics

The End of Bipolarity

Topics to be focused: a) The Soviet System b) Gorbachev and the disintegration c) Causes and Consequences of disintegration of Soviet Union d) Shock Therapy and its Consequences e) New entities in world politics Russia Balkan States Central Asian States f) India's relations with Russia and other post-communist countries. 

Contemporary Centres of Power

Topics to be focused: a) European Union b) Association of Southeast Asian Nations c) Rise of China as an economic power d) Japan and South Korea as emerging powers.

Contemporary South Asia

Topics to be focused: a) Military and Democracy in Pakistan and Bangladesh b) Monarchy and Democracy in Nepal c) Ethnic Conflict and Democracy in Sri Lanka d) India-Pakistan Conflicts e) India and its neighbours. 

International Organizations

Topics to be focused: a) Meaning and importance of International Organisations b) Evolution of the UN c) Structure and function of International Organisations d) Principal Organs of UN e) Reform of the UN after Cold War f) Reform of Structures, Processes and Jurisdiction of the UN g) India and the UN Reforms h) Key Agencies: IMF, World Bank, WTO, ILO, IAEA i) NGO: Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch j) Implications and Future of International Organizations.

Security in the Contemporary World

Topics to be focused: a) Meaning and Type of Security b) Traditional concept of security c) Non-tradition notions of Security d) New Sources of Threats e) Cooperative Security f) India’s Security strategy.

Environment and Natural Resources

Topics to be focused: a) Environmental Concerns b) Global Commons c) Common but differentiated Responsibilities d) India’s Stand on Environment Issues e) Environmental Movements f) Resource Geopolitics g) Rights of Indigenous peoples.

Globalisation

Topics to be focused: a) Concept of globalisation b) Causes and Consequences of globalisation c) India and globalization d) Resistance to globalization e) India and resistance to globalization.

Challenges of Nation Building

Topics to be focused: a) Challenges for the new Nation, Three Challenges b) Partition: Displacement and Rehabilitation, Consequences of Partition c) Integration of Princely States, The problem, Government’s approach, Hyderabad, Manipur d) Reorganisation of States. 

Era of One-Party Dominance

Topics to be focused: a) Challenge of building democracy b) Congress dominance in the first three general elect ions, Nature of Congress dominance,  Congress as social and ideological coalition,  Tolerance and management of Factions c) Emergence of opposition parties. 

Politics of Planned Development

Topics to be focused: a) Political contestation, Ideas of Development, Planning, Planning Commission b) The Early Initiatives, The First Five Year Plan, Rapid Industrialisation. 

India’s External Relations

Topics to be focused: a) International Context b) The Policy of Non- Alignment, Nehru’s role, Distance from two camps, Afro Asian Unity c) Peace and conflict with China, The Chinese Invasion 1962, War and Peace with Pakistan, Bangladesh War 1971 d) India’s Nuclear Policy.  

Challenges to and Restoration of the Congress System

Topics to be focused: a) Challenge of Political Succession, From Nehru to Shastri, From Shastri to Indira Gandhi b) Fourth General Election 1967, Context of the Election, Non Congressism, Electoral Verdict,  Coalitions, Defections c) Split in the Congress,  Indira vs the Syndicate, Presidential Election 1969 d) The 1971 Election and Restoration of Congress, The outcome and after Restoration?  

The Crisis of Democratic Order

Topics to be focused: a) Background to Emergency, Economic Context, Gujarat and Bihar Movements,  Conflict with Judiciary b) Declaration of Emergency, Crisis and response, Consequences c) Lessons of the Emergency d) Politics after Emergency, Lok Sabha Elections 1977, Janata Government, Legacy.

Regional Aspirations

Topics to be focused: a) Region and the Nation, Indian Approach, Areas of Tension, Jammu and Kashmir, Roots of the Problem, External and Internal disputes, Politics since 1948,  Insurgency and After, 2022 and Beyond b) Punjab, Political Context, Cycle of Violence, Road to Peace c) The Northeast Demand for autonomy, Secessionist Movements, Movements against outsiders, Assam and National Integration. 

Recent Developments in Indian Politics

Topics to be focused a) Context of 1990s b) Era of Coalition, Alliance Politics c) Political rise of the Backward Classes, Mandal Implemented, Political Fallouts d) Communalism, Secularism and Democracy, Ayodhya Dispute, Demolition and after e) Emergence of New Consensus f) Lok Sabha Elections 2004 g) Growing Consensus.