ISC Syllabus Class 12 Geography 2025-26: The class 12 syllabus has been made available by the CISCE Board. For the current academic year 2025–2026, all ISC students can view their syllabus. The ISC Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025–2026 is available to students in this post, along with a link to download it in PDF format. Our ISC Class 12th Geography Syllabus 2025 includes a comprehensive syllabus, required textbooks, internal assessment information, course structure, and more. You may find the full and comprehensive syllabus in the table below. By clicking on the link in the box, students can quickly download the PDF.
As part of the syllabus, students will learn about the subjects, chapters, and units that make up the session's curriculum. For students, a PDF download link has been included below. They can download and store it for later use. Since there are two sections to the Class 12 Geography syllabus—the theory paper and the project work—you can review the specifics of each section here. The evaluation scheme and a list of recommended project work ideas are provided.
ISC Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26: Highlights
| Overview | Details |
| Subject: | Geography |
| Subject Code: | 853 |
| Total Marks: | 100 |
| Theory Marks: | 70 |
| Project Marks: | 30 |
| Exam Duration: | 3 Hours |
Also Read: ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26
ISC Class 12 Geography: Detailed Syllabus 2025-26
There will be two papers in the subject:
Paper I - Theory: 3 hours: 70 marks
Paper II- Project Work : 30 marks
ISC Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26
Check the CISCE Board Class 12th Geography Syllabus 2025-2026 below along with specific mentions of topics and chapters to be covered for the exam.
| ISC Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025- 26 |
INDIA IN THE WORLD’S CONTEXT |
1. Physical Environment(i) Locational setting - India: size and area. Present importance of the location of India with reference to the Indian Ocean Rim countries. (ii) Structure of India – Geological formation, relief and drainage; major physiographic divisions and their characteristics. (a) Outline of the geological evolution and structure: (b) The five-fold physiographic divisions: the Himalayan Mountain complex, the Indus-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plains, the Peninsular Plateau, Coastal plains and the Islands of India.
(c) Drainage (i.e. rivers) and drainage systems: Names and sources of the main rivers (Ganga, Yamuna, Indus, Sutlej, Brahmaputra, Mahanandi, Godavari, Kaveri, Krishna, Narmada, Tapi). Comparison of Himalayan and Peninsular rivers. (iii) Climate: India - Factors affecting India’s climate: Temperature - factors affecting temperature. (iv) Natural vegetation: Forest – area covered, importance, use, misuse and potential both for exploitation and conservation. Present forest policy. Importance of forest to man; Impact of human activity on vegetation. Forest area and forest cover in India. |
2. Population and Human settlements(i) Population of India Population of India with reference to percentage of world population and India’s position in the world. (ii) National and State level patterns of population distribution. Definition of census. Index of concentration (highest and lowest index of concentration as per the latest census), density of population – arithmetic and physiological. (iii)Pattern of population growth in the last three decades; implications for development. Meaning of terminologies such as population, birth rate, death rate, population growth rate, natural growth rate and migratory growth. (iv) Migration trends over the last 25 years. Explanation of the important terms – stepwise migration and migrant, push and pull factors.
(v) Demographic attributes at National level - trends and patterns of: 1. Rural urban population 2. Age and sex composition 3. Literacy levels 4. Working and nonworking population; implications for development. (vi) Rural settlements –Types and patterns in hill areas, plains and coastal locations. (vii) Urban settlements – size, classification of towns as per the latest census. |
3. Resources of India and their Utilisation
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4. Infrastructural Resources
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5. Industries
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6. Regional Economic Development (Case studies)Case studies will be preceded by a brief understanding of the meaning of development, multilevel planning and planning regions.
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7. Map WorkA question on map work will be set to identify, label and locate any of the following items studied in topics 1-6. MAP LIST:
SKETCH MAPS Candidates should be able to draw, label, understand and interpret the sketch maps related to the following topics:
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ISC Board Class 12th Geography 2025-26: Assessment Pattern
Each topic, Geography, is graded out of 100. Below, students can learn about the evaluation scheme, marks division, and assessment pattern.
| 1. Theory Paper | 70 marks |
| 2. Project Work | 30 marks |
- Students will have to appear for 70 marks paper in their end-term exams (boards).
- The internal assessment has been marked for 30 marks and students will have to submit the project within the deadline (as asked by school).
- Practical file (Sessional Record): 10 marks
- Assignment (Project Report): 10 marks
- Viva voce: 10 marks
Practical Work of ISC Class 12 Geography
Any two of the following topics to be undertaken:
(i) Drawing of scales: linear, graphic scales showing primary and secondary divisions; representative fractions and statement of scale methods.
(ii) Drawing of cross-section or profiles of important contours, viz. ridge, plateau, escarpment, valley, conical hill, types of slope, sea cliffs, waterfalls, spurs, by using vertical exaggeration and horizontal equivalent.
(iii)Understanding and illustrating location references of SOI maps.
(iv) Map reading and interpretation of survey of India maps: Study will be based on representative portions of any two topographical sheets. It will include the description of location, extent, relief features, drainage, land use, settlement patterns, communications and inferences about human occupations and stage of economic development of the area.
(v) Introduction to Geographic Information System: Elements of visual interpretation of remote sensing maps/ images. Colour significance in the image and true colour (false colour composition): texture; size; shape; shadow; association. (Reference material – Wikipedia, Google. earth, IIRS Hyderabad).
(vi) Elementary principles of surveying an area: preparing two plans of a school compound and/or a small area using Plane table/ GPS.
Project Work (Assignment):
Local field surveys on any one of the following will be submitted as a Project Report. These surveys should be organized with a table of contents, sample taken and statistical methods used, interview schedule. The report should be organized systematically, and the conclusions should be clearly stated.
(i) Agricultural land use survey: Choose a district or topographical map of an area 1: 250000 and make a sketch map showing land use; compare the patterns of these. Alternatively, a local village could be chosen and the fields mapped from the cadastral map with information on the crops grown in different seasons and the location of the village, its roads and landmarks, if any. (ii) Household survey of about 30-60 households of a village or locality.
(iii) Amenity study: Study of hospitals in a city, schools (school where you studied), post offices, municipal zones within the city (blocks in a village study) – reasons for travel (based on the 13 importance and demand for the place), travel time, travel distance, mapping the hinterland of the service.
(iv) Study of a manufacturing industry or a selfemployed person: Visit a manufacturing unit or self-employed person – cycle or car repair shop, small fabricating unit, factory if nearby and find out – source of raw material, supply routes, final product, areas where it is sent, manpower strength and their organization.
(v) Area development of a multipurpose river valley project: impact on the region. Self-explanatory.
ISC Class 12th Geography Project Work & Practical Work Evaluation Scheme
The table below provides students with information about how their project work will be assessed.
| Evaluation Scheme | 30 Marks |
| Practical Work | 10 Marks |
| Project Work | 10 Marks |
| Viva Voce | 10 marks |
NOTE: The teacher and a visiting examiner chosen locally and authorized by the council will evaluate the project and practical work. No question paper for practical work and project work will be set by the Council.
To download the ISC Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26, click on the link below
Download ISC Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-2026 PDF |
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