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Physics Symbols List: The article talks about a list of physics symbols that can help the students to remember the concepts easily.
Importance Of Physics Symbols
- In physics, we symbolise everything with an English/Greek alphabet, such as the speed of velocity, wavelength and other quantities as well. To make it more convenient for the students, teachers or professors to understand, we use the symbols to represent physical quantities.
- We are providing below the list of most commonly used symbols in Physics with their SI unit.
Symbols for Space And Time in Physics
| Symbol | Description | SI Unit | Scalar/Vector |
| t | Time | Second (s) | Scalar |
| x, y, z | Coordinates (Cartesian) | Meter (m) | Scalar |
| r | Position vector (magnitude) | Meter (m) | Vector |
| Δx, Δy, Δz | Displacement (change in position) | Meter (m) | Vector |
| d | Distance | Meter (m) | Scalar |
| l | Length | Meter (m) | Scalar |
| A | Area | Meter squared (m²) | Scalar |
| V | Volume | Meter cubed (m³) | Scalar |
| θ | Angle | Radian (rad) | Scalar |
| ω | Angular frequency | Radian per second (rad/s) | Scalar |
| λ | Wavelength | Meter (m) | Scalar |
| c | Speed of light | Meter per second (m/s) | Scalar |
| v | Velocity | Meter per second (m/s) | Vector |
| a | Acceleration | Meter per second squared (m/s²) | Vector |
| τ | Time constant | Second (s) | Scalar |
Physics Symbols Related to Mechanics
| Symbol | Description | SI Unit | Scalar/Vector |
| m | Mass | Kilogram (kg) | Scalar |
| v | Velocity | Meter per second (m/s) | Vector |
| a | Acceleration | Meter per second squared (m/s²) | Vector |
| F | Force | Newton (N) | Vector |
| W | Work | Joule (J) | Scalar |
| P | Power | Watt (W) | Scalar |
| t | Time | Second (s) | Scalar |
| d | Distance | Meter (m) | Scalar |
| s | Displacement | Meter (m) | Vector |
| θ | Angle | Radian (rad) | Scalar |
| µ | Coefficient of friction | Unitless | Scalar |
| N | Normal force | Newton (N) | Vector |
| K | Kinetic energy | Joule (J) | Scalar |
| U | Potential energy | Joule (J) | Scalar |
| p | Momentum | Kg * m/s | Vector |
| J | Impulse | N * s | Vector |
| T | Torque | Newton meter (N⋅m) | Vector |
Physical Symbols Related to Fluid Mechanics
| Physical Symbols Related to Fluid Mechanics | Description | SI Unit | Scalar/Vector |
| ρ (rho) | Density | Kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m³) | Scalar |
| μ (mu) | Dynamic viscosity | Pascal-second (Pa·s) | Scalar |
| ν (nu) | Kinematic viscosity | Square meter per second (m²/s) | Scalar |
| p | Pressure | Pascal (Pa) | Scalar |
| V | Volume | Cubic meter (m³) | Scalar |
| Q | Volumetric flow rate | Cubic meter per second (m³/s) | Scalar |
| v | Velocity | Meter per second (m/s) | Vector |
| a | Acceleration | Meter per second squared (m/s²) | Vector |
| F | Force | Newton (N) | Vector |
| g | Gravitational acceleration | Meter per second squared (m/s²) | Vector |
Symbols Related to Solid Mechanics
| Symbol | Description | SI Unit | Scalar/Vector |
| m | Mass | Kilogram (kg) | Scalar |
| ρ (rho) | Density | Kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m³) | Scalar |
| A | Area | Meter squared (m²) | Scalar |
| l | Length | Meter (m) | Scalar |
| V | Volume | Meter cubed (m³) | Scalar |
| σ (sigma) | Stress | Pascal (Pa) | Tensor (Can be resolved into scalar components) |
| E | Young's modulus | Pascal (Pa) | Scalar |
| ν (nu) | Poisson's ratio | Unitless | Scalar |
| μ (mu) | Coefficient of friction | Unitless | Scalar |
| T | Torque | Newton meter (N⋅m) | Vector |
Physical Quantities Related to Thermal Physics
| Symbol | Description | SI Unit | Scalar/Vector |
| T | Temperature | Kelvin (K) | Scalar |
| Q | Heat | Joule (J) | Scalar |
| W | Work | Joule (J) | Scalar |
| ΔT | Change in temperature | Kelvin (K) | Scalar |
| H | Enthalpy | Joule (J) | Scalar |
| U | Internal energy | Joule (J) | Scalar |
| Cp | Specific heat capacity at constant pressure | Joule per kilogram kelvin (J/(kg⋅K)) | Scalar |
| Cv | Specific heat capacity at constant volume | Joule per kilogram kelvin (J/(kg⋅K)) | Scalar |
| ρ (rho) | Density | Kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m³) | Scalar |
| κ (kappa) | Thermal conductivity | Watt per meter kelvin (W/(m⋅K)) | Scalar |
| α (alpha) | Thermal expansion coefficient | Per kelvin (K⁻¹) | Scalar |
Physical Symbol Related to Wave and Optics
| Symbol | Description | SI Unit | Scalar/Vector |
| λ (lambda) | Wavelength | Meter (m) | Scalar |
| f | Frequency | Hertz (Hz) | Scalar |
| ν (nu) | Wavenumber | Radian per meter (rad/m) | Scalar |
| T | Period | Second (s) | Scalar |
| c | Speed of light (or wave speed) | Meter per second (m/s) | Scalar |
| A | Amplitude | Meter (m) for displacement waves, Candela (cd) for light waves | Scalar |
| I | Intensity | Watt per square meter (W/m²) | Scalar |
| k | Wave vector | Radian per meter (rad/m) | Vector |
| θ | Angle | Radian (rad) | Scalar |
Physics Symbols Related to Electricity and Magnetism
| Symbol | Description | SI Unit | Scalar/Vector |
| Q | Electric charge | Coulomb (C) | Scalar |
| I | Electric current | Ampere (A) | Scalar |
| V | Voltage (electric potential difference) | Volt (V) | Scalar |
| E | Electric field | Volt per meter (V/m) | Vector |
| B | Magnetic field | Tesla (T) | Vector |
| R | Resistance | Ohm (Ω) | Scalar |
| ρ (rho) | Resistivity | Ohm-meter (Ω⋅m) | Scalar |
| C | Capacitance | Farad (F) | Scalar |
| L | Inductance | Henry (H) | Scalar |
| ω (omega) | Angular frequency | Radian per second (rad/s) | Scalar |
| ε (epsilon) | Permittivity | Farad per meter (F/m) | Scalar |
| μ (mu) | Permeability | Henry per meter (H/m) | Scalar |
| F | Electromagnetic force | Newton (N) | Vector |
| Φ | Magnetic flux | Weber (Wb) | Scalar |
These are all the important physics symbols that students can get help from during their exams. This table is made in the easiest way possible to help the learners remember the symbols.
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