Punjab Board PSEB 12th Chemistry Syllabus 2025-26: Download FREE PDF

Unit I: Solutions

Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties - relative lowering of vapour pressure, Raoults Law, elevation of B.P., depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, Vant Hoff factor

Unit II: Electrochemistry

Redox reactions; conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's Law, electrolysis and laws of electrolysis (elementary idea) dry cell electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells; lead accumulator, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, fuel cells; corrosion. Relation between Gibbs Energy change and EMF of cell

Unit III: Chemical Kinetics

Rate of a reaction (average and instantaneous), factors affecting rates of reaction; concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction: rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and' half life (only for zero and first order reactions); concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment), Activation Energy, Arrhenius equation

Unit-IV: d and f Block Elements

General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals-metallic character, ionization, enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction and consequences.

Actenoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states.

Unit-V: Coordination Compounds 

Coordination compounds - introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, bonding; Werner’s theory VBT, CFT, Isomerism (structure and stereo) importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological systems)

Unit-VI: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes.

Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of substitution reactions, optical rotation

Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (directive influence of halogen for monosubstituted compounds only)

Uses and environmental effects of -dichloromethane, t

Unit –VII: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only); identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration, uses, with special reference to -methanol and ethanol

Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.

Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses

Unit-VIII: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, and mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes; uses

Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses.

Unit-IX: Organic compounds containing Nitrogen Amines

Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines.

Cyanides and Isocyanides - will be mentioned at relevant places in context

Diazonium Salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry

Unit-X: Biomolecules

Carbohydrates - Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen); Importance

Proteins - Elementary idea of amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides proteins, primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes

Vitamins: Classification and Functions

Hormones: Elementary idea (excluding structure) 

Nucleic Acids: DNA & RNA

A) Chemical Kinetics:

• Effect of concentration and temperature on the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid

• Study of reaction rates of any one of the following:-

i. Reaction of iodide ion with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature using different

concentration of iodide ions.

ii. Reaction between potassium iodate, KIO3, and sodium sulphite: (Na2 SO3) using

starch solution as an indicator (clock reaction). 

B) Electrochemistry:

Variation of cell potential in Zn/Zn+2IICu+2/Cu with change in concentration of electrolytes (CuSO4 or ZnSO4 at room temperature

C) Determination of concentration/molarity of KMnO4, solution by titrating it against a standard Solution of

• Oxalic acid

• Ferrous ammonium sulphate. (Students will be required to prepare a standard

solutions by weighing themselves)

D) Preparation of Inorganic Compounds

• Preparation of double salt of ferrous ammonium sulphate or potash alum.

• Preparation of potassium ferric oxalate

E) Preparation of Organic Compounds:

Preparation of any two of the following compounds 

• Acetanilide

• Di-benzal acetone

• p-Nitroacetanilide,

• Aniline yellow òr 2-Napthol aniline dye.

• Lodoform

F) Test for the functional groups present in organic compounds:

Unsaturation, alcoholic, pheholic, aldehydic, ketonic, carboxylic and amino (primary) groups.

G) Study of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in pure form and detection of their presence in given foodstuffs

H) Qualitative analysis: 

Determination of one cation and one anion in a given salt

Cations- Pb2+, Cu2+, As3+, Al3+, Fe3+, Mn 2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni 2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4 +

Anions- (CO3) 2-, S2-, (SO3) 2-, (NO2) - , (SO4) 2-, Cℓ - , Br- , I- , PO3- , (C2O4) 2- ,

CH3COO- ,NO

Volumetric Analysis 

7 Marks

Salt Analysis

7 Marks

Content-Based Experiment

5 Marks

Project Work

3 Marks

Class record and viva

3 Marks

Total

25 Marks