The Central Pay Commissions in India have played a crucial role in deciding the pay structure and allowances for government employees. Each of the commissions has brought about drastic changes to address the changing economic scenario and welfare of the employees. Below is a detailed overview of the major pay commissions in India, including their implementation years, key members, and other relevant details.
Overview of Central Pay Commissions
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First Central Pay Commission (1st CPC)
- Formation Year: 1956
- Implementation Year: January 1, 1957
- Chairman: Raghubir Singh
The First CPC focused on the pay structure of central government employees and suggested a simplified pay scale.
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Second Central Pay Commission (2nd CPC)
- Formation Year: 1970
- Implementation Year: January 1, 1973
- Chairman: R. S. Ghosh
The Second CPC addressed issues related to pay disparities and recommended a revised pay structure.
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Third Central Pay Commission (3rd CPC)
- Formation Year: 1979
- Implementation Year: January 1, 1986
- Chairman: J. M. M. Sinha
The Third CPC introduced a more systematic approach to pay scales and allowances.
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Fourth Central Pay Commission (4th CPC)
- Formation Year: 1986
- Implementation Year: January 1, 1986
- Chairman: R. S. Ghosh
The Fourth CPC suggested major changes to the pay structure and allowances for government employees.
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Fifth Central Pay Commission (5th CPC)
- Formation Year: April 1994
- Implementation Year: January 1, 1996
- Chairman: Justice S. Ratnavel Pandian
The Fifth CPC reduced the number of pay scales from 51 to 34 and increased minimum pay significantly.
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Sixth Central Pay Commission (6th CPC)
- Formation Year: July 2006
- Implementation Year: January 1, 2006
- Chairman: Justice B.N. Srikrishna
The Sixth CPC introduced a new pay structure with running pay bands and grade pay, increasing the minimum basic salary to Rs. 7,000.
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Seventh Central Pay Commission (7th CPC)
- Formation Year: February 2014
- Implementation Year: January 1, 2016
- Chairman: A. K. Mathur
The Seventh CPC increased minimum pay to Rs. 18,000 and revised allowances significantly based on inflation.
8. Eighth Central Pay Commission (8th CPC)
- Formation Year: January 2025 (approved)
- Expected Implementation Year: Likely by January 2026
- Key Members: To be appointed soon; specific members not yet announced.
The Eighth CPC has been approved by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on January 16, 2025.
Also Read | 7th Pay Commission: What is Dearness Allowance (DA) and Will Central Employees Get Hike in October 2024?
Comparative Table of Pay Commissions
The following table summarizes key details of the major pay commissions:
| S.No | Pay Commission | Formation Year | Implementation Year | Chairman | Key Highlights |
| 1 | First CPC | 1956 | January 1, 1957 | Raghubir Singh | Simplified pay structure |
| 2 | Second CPC | 1970 | January 1, 1973 | R. S. Ghosh | Revised pay structure |
| 3 | Third CPC | 1979 | January 1, 1986 | J. M. M. Sinha | Systematic approach to pay |
| 4 | Fourth CPC | 1986 | January 1, 1986 | R. S. Ghosh | Significant changes in allowances |
| 5 | Fifth CPC | April 1994 | January 1, 1996 | Justice S. Ratnavel Pandian | Reduced pay scales from 51 to 34 |
| 6 | Sixth CPC | July 2006 | January 1, 2006 | Justice B.N. Srikrishna | New running pay bands introduced |
| 7 | Seventh CPC | February 2014 | January 1, 2016 | A.K. Mathur | Increased minimum pay to Rs.18,000 |
| 8 | Eighth CPC | January 2025 | Expected by January 2026 | To be appointed | Approved formation; expected fitment factor of around 3.68 |
The evolution of the Central Pay Commissions is a testimony to India's commitment to adapting its compensation framework for government employees as it responds to changes in the economy and social needs. The recommendations of every successive commission were built upon to ensure that fair compensation was rendered to government employees for their services while addressing equity and efficiency concerns in the public sector workforce.
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