CBSE Class 12 Computer Science syllabus 2011

COMPUTER SCIENCE

XII (Theory)

Duration: 3 hours

Total Marks: 70

UNIT 1: PROGRAMMING IN C++
REVIEW: C++ covered In Class -XI,

Object Oriented Programming:

Concept of Object Oriented Programming – Data hiding, Data encapsulation, Class and Object, Abstract class and Concrete class, Polymorphism (Implementation of polymorphism using Function overloading as an example in C++); Inheritance, Advantages of Object OrientedProgramming over earlier programming methodologies,

Implementation of Object Oriented Programming concepts in C++:

Definition of a class, Members of a class - Data Members and Member Functions (methods), Using Private and Public visibility modes, default visibility mode (private); Member function definition: inside class definition and outside class definition using scope resolution operator (::); Declaration of objects as instances of a class; accessing members from object(s), Array of
type class, Objects as function arguments - pass by value and pass by reference;

Constructor and Destructor:

Constructor: Special Characteristics, Declaration and Definition of a constructor, Default Constructor, Overloaded Constructors, Copy Constructor, Constructor with default arguments; Destructor: Special Characteristics, Declaration and definition of destructor;

Inheritance (Extending Classes):

Concept of Inheritance, Base Class, Derived Class, Defining derived classes, protected visibility mode; Single level inheritance, Multilevel inheritance and Multiple inheritance, Privately derived, Publicly derived and Protectedly derived class, accessibility of members from objects and within derived class(es);

Data File Handling:

Need for a data file, Types of data files – Text file and Binary file; Text File: Basic file operations on text file: Creating/Writing text into file, Reading and manipulation of text from an already existing text File (accessing sequentially); Binary File: Creation of file, Writing data into file, Searching for required data from file, Appending 139 data to a file, Insertion of data in sorted file, Deletion of data from file, Modification of data in a file; Implementation of above mentioned data file handling in C++;
Components of C++ to be used with file handling: Header file: fstream.h; ifstream, ofstream, fstream classes;
Opening a text file in in, out, and app modes;
Opening a text file in in, out, and app modes;
Using cascading operators for writing text to the file and reading text from the file; open(), get(), put(), getline() and close() functions; Detecting end-of-file (with or without using eof() function);
Opening a binary file using in, out, and app modes;
open(), read(), write() and close() functions; Detecting end-of-file (with or without using eof() function); tellg(), tellp(),  seekg(), seekp() functions

Pointers:

Declaration and Initialization of Pointers; Dynamic memory allocation/deallocation operators: new, delete; Pointers and Arrays: Array of Pointers, Pointer to an array (1 dimensional array), Function returning a pointer, Reference variables and use of alias; Function call by reference. Pointer to structures: Deference operator: *, ->; self referencial structures;

UNIT 2: DATA STRUCTURES
Arrays:

One and two Dimensional arrays: Sequential allocation and address calculation; One dimensional array: Traversal, Searching (Linear, Binary Search), Insertion of an element in an array, deletion of an element from an array, Sorting (Insertion, Selection, Bubble sort), concatenation of two linear arrays, merging of two sorted arrays; Two-dimensional arrays: Traversal, Finding sum/difference of two NxM arrays containing numeric values, Interchanging Row and Column elements in a two dimensional array;

Stack (Array and Linked implementation of Stack): Operations on Stack (PUSH and POP) and its Implementation in C++, Converting expressions from INFIX to POSTFIX notation and evaluation of Postfix expression;

Queue: (Circular Array and Linked Implementation):

Operations on Queue (Insert and Delete) and its Implementation in C++.

UNIT 3: DATABASES AND SQL

Database Concepts:

Relational data model: Concept of domain, tuple, relation, key, primary key, alternate key, candidate key;
Relational algebra: Selection, Projection, Union and Cartesian product;

Structured Query Language: General Concepts: Advantages of using SQL, Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation Language;

Data types: NUMBER, CHARACTER, DATE;

SQL commands:

CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, ALTER TABLE, UPDATE...SET..., INSERT, DELETE; SELECT, DISTINCT, FROM, WHERE, IN, BETWEEN, GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY; SQL functions: SUM, AVG, COUNT, MAX and MIN;

obtaining results (SELECT query) from 2 tables using equi-join, cartesian product and union Note: Implementation of the above mentioned commands could be done on any SQL supported software on one or two tables.

UNIT 4: BOOLEAN LOGIC

Binary-valued Quantities, Boolean Variable, Boolean Constant and Boolean Operators: AND, OR, NOT; Truth Tables; Closure Property, Commutative Law, Associative Law, Identity law, Inverse law, Principle of Duality, Idem potent Law, Distributive Law, Absorption Law, Involution law, DeMorgan’s Law and their applications;

Obtaining Sum of Product (SOP) and Product of Sum (POS) form from the Truth Table, Reducing
Boolean Expression (SOP and POS) to its minimal form, Use of Karnaugh Map for obtaining minimal
form of Boolean expressions (up to 4 variables);

Applications of Boolean Logic:

Digital electronic circuit design using basic Logic Gates (NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR)
Use of Boolean operators (AND,OR) in SQL SELECT statements
Use of Boolean operators (AND, OR) in search engine queries.

UNIT 5: COMMUNICATION AND OPEN SOURCE CONCEPTS

Evolution of Networking: ARPANET, Internet, Interspace;
Different ways of sending data across the network with reference to switching techniques;

Data Communication terminologies:
Concept of Channel, Baud, Bandwidth (Hz, KHz, MHz, GHz) and Data transfer rate (bps, kbps,Mbps, Gbps, Tbps);

Transmission media:
Twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, infrared, radio link, microwave link and
satellite link.

Networking devices:
Modem, RJ45 connector, Ethernet Card, Hub, Switch, Gateway;

Network Topologies and types:
Bus, Star, Tree; Concepts of PAN, LAN, WAN, MAN

Network Protocol:
TCP/IP, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), PPP, Level-Remote Login (Telnet); Wireless/Mobile Communication protocols such as GSM, CDMA, GPRs, WLL; Electronic Mail protocol such as SMTP, POP3, iMAP, Chat, Video Conferencing; VoIP protocols such as Wi-Fi and Wi-Max
Network Security Concepts:
Threats and prevention from Viruses, Worms, Trojan horse, Spams
Use of Cookies, Protection using Firewall;
India IT Act, Cyber Law, Cyber Crimes, IPR issues, Hacking.

Web Services :

Hyper Text Markup Lanuage (HTML), eXtensible Markup Language (XML); Hyper Text Transfer
Protocol (HTTP); Domain Names; URL; IP Address; Website, Web browser, Web Servers; Web
Hosting, Web Scripting – Client side (VB script, Java Script, PHP) and Server side (ASP, JSP, PHP),
Web 2.0 (for social Networking)

Open Source Terminologies:

Open Source Software, Freeware, Shareware, Proprietary software, FLOSS, GNU, FSF, OSI;

(Practicals)

Duration: 3 hours

Total Marks: 30

1. Programming in C++ 10
One programming problem in C++ to be developed and tested in Computer during the examination. Marks are allotted on the basis of following:

Logic : 5 Marks
Documentation/Indentation : 2 Marks
Output presentation : 3 Marks

Notes: The types of problems to be given will be of application type from the following topics

•  Arrays (One dimensional and two dimensional)
•  Array of structure
•  Stack using arrays and linked implementation
•  Queue using arrays (circular) and linked implementation
•  Binary File operations (Creation, Displaying, Searching and modification)
•  Text File operations (Creation, Displaying and modification)

2. SQL Commands 05
Five Query questions based on a particular Table/Reaction to be tested practically on Computer during the examination. The command along with the result must be written in the answer sheet.

3. Project Work 05
The project has to be developed in C++ language with Object Oriented Technology and
also should have use of Data files. (The project is required to be developed in a group of
2-4 students)

•  Presentation on the computer
•  Project report (Listing, Sample, Outputs, Documentation)
•  Viva

4. Practical File 05
Must have minimum 20 programs from the following topics

•  Arrays (One dimensional and two dimensional, sorting, searching, merging, deletion’& insertion of elements)
•  Arrays of structures, Arrays of Objects
•  Stacks using arrays and linked implementation
•  Queues using arrays (linear and circular) and linked implementation
•  File (Binary and Text) operations (Creation, Updation, Query)
•  Any computational based problems15 SQL commands along with the output based on any table/relation: 3 Marks

5. Viva Voce
Viva will be asked from syllabus covered in class XII and the project developed by student.

GUIDELINES FOR PROJECTS (Class XI and XII)
1. Preamble
1.1 The academic course in Computer Science includes one Project in each year. The Purpose behind this is to consolidate the concepts and practices imparted during the course and to serve as a record of competence.
1.2 A group of 2-4 students as team may be allowed to work on one project.

2. Project content

2. 1 Project for class XI can be selected from the topics mentioned in syllabus or domains on the similar lines.
2. 2 Project for class XII should ensure the coverage of following areas of curriculum:
a. Problem Solving
b. Data Structure
c. Object Oriented Programming in C++
d. Data File Handling

Theme of the project can be

• Any subsystem of a System Software or Tool
• Any Scientific or a fairly complex algorithmic situation.
• School Management, Banking, Liabrary information system, Hotel or Hospital
• Management system, Transport query system
• Quizzes/Games;
• Tutor/Computer Aided Learning Systems

2.3 The aim of the project is to highlight the abilities of algorithmic formulation, modular programming, optimized code preparation, systematic documentation and other associated aspects of Software Development.

2.4 The assessment would be through the project demonstration and the Project Report, which should portray Programming Style, Structured Design, Minimum Coupling, High Cohesion, Good documentation of the code to ensure readability and ease of maintenance.
Suggested Reference Books
Computer Organisation and Boolean Logic
1. Rajaraman, FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTERS 4th Edition, Prentice Hall of India.
2. Peter Norton, INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER 4th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill
3. J. Shelly & Roger Hunt, COMPUTER STUDIES, Wheeler’s Publication.
4. C.S. French, COMPUTER STUDIES, Arnold Publishers.
5. Thomas C. Bartee, DIGITAL COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS, McGraw Hill International.

Problem Solving and Programming in C++
Note: Prior knowledge of C is not required in the learning of C++, eventhough reference about C are made in some of the books.

1. Robert Lafore, OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING IN TURBO C++, Galgotia Publications Pvt. Ltd.
2. David Parsons, OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING WITH C++, BPB Publications.
3. Bjarne Stroutrup, THE C++ PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE, Adison Wesley.

Data Structures

1. M.A. Weiss, DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHM ANALYSIS IN C++. the Benjamin/
Cummings Pub. Co., Inc.
2. Scott Rober Ladd, C++ COMPONENTS AND ALGORITHMS, BPB Publications.
3. Sartaj & Sahni, FUNDAMENTALS OF DATA STRUCTURE, Galgotia Book Source

Database Management System and SQL

1. C.J. Data, DATABASE PRIMER, Adison Wesley.
2. Martin Gruber, UNDERSTANDING SQL, BPB Publications.
3. Sheldon M. Dunn Xbase CROSS REFERENCE HANDBOOK, First Authorised Asian Edition
93, Tech. Publications Pvt. Ltd.

Computer Network

1. A.S. Tanenbaum, COMPUTER NETWORK, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall of India P.Ltd.
2. Williams Stalling, DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS, 5th Edition, Prentice Hall
of India P. Ltd.
3. Hancock, NETWORK CONCEPT AND ARCHITECTURES, BPB Publications.