ISC Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2024-25: Download Class 12th Geography Syllabus PDF

INDIA IN THE WORLD’S CONTEXT

1. Physical Environment

• Locational setting - India: size and area. Present importance of the location of India with reference to the Indian Ocean Rim countries. 
• Structure of India – Geological formation, relief and drainage; major physiographic divisions and their characteristics, Himalayan mountain complex: (orthoclinal structure), Indus-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plains, The Peninsular Plateau, Coastal Plains, Islands
• Climate: India- Factors affecting India’s climate: Temperature - factors affecting temperature. Atmospheric pressure conditions during the year; origin and mechanism of the monsoon, Jet streams, Southern Oscillations; wind and rainfall distribution during the year; characteristics of the four main seasons - hot and dry, hot and wet, cool and dry, cool and wet with reference to temperature distribution in north and south India, pressure, wind conditions – distribution of resultant rainfall; variability of rainfall, incidence of droughts and floods. Temperature and rainfall graphs of Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Jaisalmer and Leh
• Natural vegetation- Forest – area covered, importance, use, misuse and potential both for exploitation and conservation. Present forest policy

2. Population and Human settlements- 

• Population of India, National and State level patterns of population distribution, Pattern of population growth in the last three decades; implications for development, Migration trends over the last 25 years, 
• Demographic attributes at National level - trends and patterns of: (Rural urban population, Age and sex composition, Literacy levels, Working and nonworking population; implications for development), 
• Rural settlements –Types and patterns in hill areas, plains and coastal locations
• Urban settlements – size, classification of towns as per the latest census

3. Resources of India and their Utilisation

• Need for environmental management vis-à-vis development, Land resources: Land use pattern in India – quality of cultivable land, size of land holdings
• Water resources and types of irrigation, Agriculture: Types, development and problems, Commercial and Industrial crops, Importance of Market Gardening and Orchard Farming
• Fishing in India
• Sources of Energy

4. Infrastructural Resources

• Railways, Roadways, Water transport (inland and coastal), Air transport, Pipelines - these modes of transport are to be studied with regard to – Factors that govern their distribution, density and growth
• Communication – importance of communication in rural and urban development and its policy. Importance of infrastructure as key to the development of an industrial economy

5. Industries 

• Study of the location and distribution of important industrial centres; a general comparison of disparities
• Major industrial regions – factors governing their growth
• Location, production and growth of the following industries: Agro based industries, Mineral based industries

6. Regional Economic Development- (Case studies)

Download ISC Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2024-2025 PDF

Locational setting of India (To identify): 80 4’N-370 6’N, 680 7’E- 970 25’E (Latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India); 230 30’ N (Central latitude) and 820 30’E (Central longitude); Indira Col and Cape Comorin (Northern and Southern point of mainland India). 

Mountains (To mark and label): 3 parallel ranges of Himalayas (Greater, Lesser, Outer), Trans Himalayan range – Karakoram, Aravallis, Vindhyas, Satpura, Western and Eastern Ghats, Nilgiris, Cardamom hills, Garo, Khasi, Jaintia hills, Patkoi hills, Naga hills, Mizo hills.

Plains (To mark and label): Indus-Ganga-Brahmapurtra region, Konkan, Kanara, Malabar, Coromandel, Northern Circars

Plateaus (To mark and label): Malwa, Chota Nagpur, Deccan, Meghalaya.

Peninsula (To mark and label): Kathiawar, Kachchh.  

Lakes (To mark and label): Chilika, Pulicat.

Waterbodies (To mark and label): Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Palk Strait, Gulf of Kachchh, Gulf of Khambat,

Passes (To mark and label): Karakoram, Shipki La, Nathu La, Bomdi La, Palghat, Bhorghat, Thalghat.

Rivers (To identify): Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Sutlej, Ganga, Yamuna, Gomti, Ghaghara, Gandak, Kosi, Chambal, Betwa, Ken, Son, Damodar, Luni, Narmada, Tapi, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Brahmaputra

Population (To identify): The States of India (according to the latest Census) for the following: The Lowest density of population, highest density of population, highest level of urbanization, lowest level of urbanisation, highest Index of Concentration of population, the highest sex ratio, the lowest sex ratio, the highest literacy, the lowest literacy; Urban cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata, Bengaluru, Ahmedabad.

Agriculture (To identify): Main producing States/regions of India for: Rice, Wheat, Coffee, Tea, Cotton, Jute, Sugarcane, Groundnut, Coconut

Power resources (To identify): Nuclear Power Stations (Kaiga, Kalpakkam, Tarapur, Rawatbhata, Narora, Kakrapara)

Industries (To identify): 

• Sugar Industry: Ahmednagar, Pune 
• Cotton Textiles: Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Surat 
• Iron and Steel: TISCO(Jamshedpur), Bhilai Iron and Steel Plant (Bhilai), Vishakhapatnam Iron and Steel Plant (Vishakhapatnam)
• Petro Chemicals: UDEX (Koyali) and IPCL (Vadodara)
• Oil refineries: IOCL (Digboi, Barauni and Haldia);

Transport (To identify): Trace the route of: Golden Quadrilateral - 4 sides, North South Corridor, East West Corridor; State with the Highest Density of roads

Ports (To identify): Mumbai, Kochi, Haldia, Chennai, Kolkata

Theory Paper

70 marks

Project Work

• Practical file (Sessional Record)
• Assignment (Project Report)
• Viva voce

30 marks

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