Magnetism and matter (part-1)

What is the importance of the chapter Magnetism and matter? Why do we study the chapter Magnetism and matter? How many marks are carried by the chapter Magnetism and matter in class 12 board examinations? What are the properties of a bar magnet? How you will calculate the magnetic field due to bar magnet? What are the formulae to calculate the magnetic field at axial and equatorial line?

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We can define a bar magnet as it is simply a permanent magnet having a shape of a bar. It has a north and a south pole. Its magnetic field is said to go out from the North Pole and in to the South Pole. A magnet is a material that produces a magnetic field. While this magnetic field is invisible it is responsible for a magnets most widely known property: pulling in iron and attracting or repelling other magnets.