Principles of Inheritance and Variation-Important Questions & Preparation Tips

In this article you will get the clue that from where and how the questions are being framed from the chapter Principles of Inheritance and Variation
The experts of jagranjosh.com have full confidence that you will not miss any of the questions in the board exam as well as in competitive exams from this chapter if you will keep the following terms / question in your mind while studying.

What is factor?

What are traits?

What is allelomorph?

Alleles

Reason for selecting Pisum sativum

Dominant and recessive traits for all the seven characters

Law of purity of gametes (phenotypic and genotypic ratios)

Law of new combination / law of independent assortment (phenotypic and genotypic ratios)

Back cross and test cross with definition (mono hybrid and dihybrid both)

Genotypic and phenotypic ratios of both back cross and test cross (mono hybrid and dihybrid)

Calculation of gametes in

• Mohybrid cross
• Dihybrid cross
• Trihybrid cross

Modification in Mendel’s` monohybrid cross ratio and dihybrid cross ratio

Incomplete and co-dominance with cross diagram (phenotypic and genotypic ratios)

Lethal genes (phenotypic and genotypic ratios)

How 9:3:3:1 ratio gets modified in Incomplete and co-dominance

Concept of multiple alleles

Numbers of alleles which are present in the ABO blood group gene

What are pseudo alleles?

Contribution of T.H. Morgan in genetics

Difference between linkage and crossing over with diagram

Coupling

Child and parents blood group related problems

Pedigree analysis and its significance

Sex determination in human beings

What is Barr body?

Point mutation wit example

Chromosomal theory of the inheritance?

Polyploidy and aneuploidy

Number of chromosomes in different types of syndrome

Sample questions:

Q1.  A male’s genotype is AaBBCCddEeFF. What fraction of the sperm cells produced by this individual will carry the dominant A allele, the dominant C allele and the recessive e allele?

Q2. A pure-breeding, tall pea plant is crossed with a pure-breeding, short pea plant. All of the offspring of this cross are tall. 

1. Which allele is dominant, and how do you know? 
2. What are the genotypes of these offspring? 
3. Suppose two of these offspring are crossed and produce 1000 offspring. How many tall and how many short plants will you expect? 
4. How many of each genotype would you expect among the 1000 offspring? 

Q3. Using a Punnett Square, workout the distribution of phenotypic features in the first filial generation after a cross between a homozygous female and a heterozygous male for a single locus.

Q4. A diploid organism is heterozygous for 4 loci, how many types of gametes can be produced?

Q6. A garden pea plant produced axial white flowers. Another of the same species produced terminal violet flowers. Identify the dominant traits.

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