Environment and Ecology has become indispensable for IAS Prelims Exam. Candidates cannot dispense with this section. In future also Importance of Environment and Ecology cannot be underestimated. Following are some MCQs that would help candidates to understand the kinds of questions they are going to face from Environment and Ecology section in IAS Prelims Exam:
1. With reference to the physical features of India which of the following statements is/are correct?
I. India consists of the main land and two groups of islands Andaman and Nicobar in the Bay of Bengal and Lakshadweep islands in the Arabian Sea.
II. India has a total of about 32,87,263 sq. km of land and more than 7500 km long coastline.
III. India is the seventh largest country in the world; it occupies only 2.42% of the world’s total area.
Codes:
a. Only I
b. I and II
c. I and III
d. All of the above
Answer: d
Explanation: India occupies south central peninsula of Asia. India consists of the main land and two groups of islands Andaman and Nicobar in the Bay of Bengal and Lakshadweep islands in the Arabian Sea. The physical map of India shows the relief (physical features) and coastline of India. India has a total of about 32,87,263 sq. km of land and more than 7500 km long coastline. Being situated totally north of the equator, India belongs to the Northern Hemisphere. Though India is the seventh largest country in the world, it occupies only 2.42% of the world’s total area.
2. Consider the following statements regarding the status of flora and fauna in India:
I. India is home to about 8100 animal species and 49000 plant species of which 15000 are flowering plants.
II. Most of the Himalayan and peninsular regions are covered with indigenous flora.
III. The forests and the vegetation therein, is classified and determined by climatic factors such as temperature, heat, precipitation, soil, relief, drainage etc.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
a. Only I
b. I and II
c. I and III
d. All of the above
Answer: d
Explanation: India has very rich flora and fauna. It is home to about 8100 animal species and 49000 plant species of which 15000 are flowering plants. Most of the Himalayan and peninsular regions are covered with indigenous flora. Some of them are totally endemic (local, not found elsewhere). The forests and the vegetation therein, is classified and determined by climatic factors such as temperature, heat, precipitation, soil, relief, drainage etc.
3. Which of the following types of forests found in India
a. Tropical rain forests
b. Tropical deciduous forests
c. Alpine and Tundra Vegetation
d. All of the above
Answer: d
Explanation: The following major types of forests may be identified in India.
• Tropical rain forests
• Tropical deciduous forests
• Temperate broad leaf forests
• Temperate needle – leaf or coniferous forests
• Alpine and Tundra Vegetation
4. Which of the following factors of human population posing danger to the environment:
a. the number of people
b. the impact of each person on the environment
c. both I and II
Neither I nor II
Answer: c
Explanation: The large human population issue is one of the most important issues of the environment. The human populations pose danger to the environment through two main factors: (1) the number of people and (2) the impact of each person on the environment.
5. The structure of population is determined by which of the following characteristics of population?
a. Population density
b. Population dispersion
c. Age structure
d. All of the above
Answer: d
Explanation: In population studies, the structure of a population is determined by certain characteristics such as population density, dispersion, age structure and sex ratio.
6. Dispersion pattern of a population means:
a. the dispersion of its individual members relative to one another in a given area.
b. the dispersion of its individual members relative to one another in a family.
c. the dispersion of its all members relative to one another in a given area.
d. the dispersion of its all members relative to one another in a family.
Answer: a
Explanation: Dispersion pattern of a population is the dispersion of its individual members relative to one another in a given area. For example, human population, it is not uniformly dispersed. Only one third of the total land area is inhabitated by humans. Even out of this one-third, some areas are thinly and others are very heavily populated.
7. Which of the following human activities have degraded or modified the environment:
I. ability to produce food through agriculture.
II. transfer excess food to regions of food shortage.
III. store excess food in warehouses, cold storage and canneries, thereby preventing food- deterioration.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
a. Only I
b. I and II
c. I and III
d. All of the above
Answer: d
Explanation: In spite of all the intelligence at its source, human beings have not been able to conquer the environment completely. Natural as well as human-made modifications in the environment have, through various periods, offered fatal blows to the human population.
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