The first population census in British India was conducted in 1872. Since India's independence in 1947, a census has been conducted every 10 years, the first occurring in 1951.The census in India is conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner under the Ministry of Home Affairs, and is one of the largest administrative tasks conducted by a federal government.
India is a union of 29 states and 7 union territories. As per census 2011, population of India was 1.2 billion. India occupies 2.4 percent of the world's land surface area and is home to 17.5 percent of the world's population. Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state of India. It has 16.50% population of whole India. Here is the table for the population of all the states of India:-
| State/Union Territory | Total population | % of Total Population of India |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Uttar Pradesh | 19,98,12,341 | 16.50 |
| 2. Maharashtra | 11,23,74,333 | 9.28 |
| 3. Bihar | 10,40,99,452 | 8.60 |
| 4. West Bengal | 9,12,76,115 | 4.54 |
| 5. Andhra Pradesh | 8,45,80,777 | 6.99 |
| 6. Madhya Pradesh | 7,26,26,809 | 6.00 |
| 7. Tamil Nadu | 7,24,47,030 | 5.96 |
| 8. Rajasthan | 6,85,48,473 | 5.05 |
| 9. Karnataka | 6,10,95,297 | 4.99 |
| 10. Gujarat | 6,04,39,692 | 3.47 |
| 11. Odisha | 4,19,74,218 | 2.76 |
| 12. Kerala | 3,34,06,061 | 2.72 |
| 13. Jharkhand | 3,29,88,134 | 2.58 |
| 14. Assam | 3,12,05,576 | 2.29 |
| 15. Punjab | 2,77,43,338 | 2.11 |
| 16. Chhattisgarh | 2,55,45,198 | 2.09 |
| 17. Haryana | 2,53,51,462 | 1.39 |
| 18. NCT of Delhi | 1,67,87,941 | 1.04 |
| 19. Jammu & Kashmir | 1,25,41,302 | 1.04 |
| 20. Uttrakhand | 1,00,86,292 | 0.83 |
| 21. Himachal Pradesh | 68,64,602 | 0.57 |
| 22. Tripura | 36,73,917 | 0.30 |
| 23. Meghalaya | 29,66,889 | 0.25 |
| 24. Manipur | 27,27,749 | 0.23 |
| 25. Nagaland | 19,78,502 | 0.16 |
| 26. Goa | 14,58,545 | 0.12 |
| 27. Arunachal Pradesh | 13,83,727 | 0.11 |
| 28. Puducherry | 12,47,953 | 0.10 |
| 29. Mizoram | 10,97,206 | 0.09 |
| 30. Chandigarh | 10,55,450 | 0.09 |
| 31. Sikkim | 6,10,577 | 0.05 |
| 3,80,581 | 0.03 | |
| 33. Dadra & Nagar Haveli | 3,43,709 | 0.03 |
| 34. Daman & Diu | 2,43,247 | 0.02 |
| 35. Lakshadweep | 64,473 | 0.01 |
Source: Census 2011, India 2016
The population of India, which at turn of the 20th century was around 238.4 million, increased to reach at 1210 million by 2011. Lakshadweep is the least populates union territory in India. It has population of just 64,473 which accounts the 0.01% of the total Indian population. The population density of India became 382 persons per sq km. If Indian population continues to grow at the present rate of 17% it will surpass the china as the world's most populous country by 2050.
Census 2011: Literacy Rate and Sex Ratio in India Since 1901 to 2011
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