What is S-400 Air Defence Missile System? Check Range, Speed and Origin Country

The S-400 Triumf (NATO designation: SA-21 Growler) is Russia's most sophisticated long-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) system, capable of delivering effective air defense against a broad range of aerial threats. Since its induction in 2007, the S-400 has set new standards for contemporary air defense with its unparalleled range, speed, and versatility, making it a highly desired asset for many countries.

Origin and Development

• Origin Country: Russia
• Developer: Almaz-Antey
• Inducted: 2007
• Purpose: Upgrade to the S-300 series, providing enhanced range, speed, and multi-target engagement.

Indian Air Force S-400 Sudarshan Chakra air defence missile systems were fired last night against targets moving towards India. The targets were successfully neutralised in the operation say multiple domain experts to ANI. Official Government confirmation awaited. https://t.co/MhPOyydK8X pic.twitter.com/qHo1tjukdF

— ANI (@ANI) May 8, 2025

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Key Features and Capabilities of S-400 Air Defence 

• Layered Defence: Employs four types of missiles to develop a multi-layered defence, allowing it to shoot down from stealth planes and drones to ballistic and cruise missiles.
• Advanced Radar: Capable of detecting and tracking up to 300 targets at a time at ranges up to 600 km, while simultaneously engaging up to 36 threats.
• Rapid Deployment: Can be put into combat strength in 5 minutes, ready to respond quickly to developing threats.
• High Mobility: The whole system is placed on mobile launchers, and it can be deployed and repositioned instantly on different terrains.

S-400 Missile Types and Performance

Other Key Specs:

• Max Target Speed: 4.8 km/s (Mach 14)
• Simultaneous Targets Engaged: 36
• Simultaneous Missiles Guided: 72–160 (varies by source)
• Detection Range: Up to 600 km
• System Response Time: 9–10 seconds

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How the S-400 Works

The S-400 combines advanced radars, command posts, and several missile launchers. Its radar system, comprised of the 91N6E Big Bird and the 92N6E Grave Stone, offers 360-degree detection and guidance. The system has the capacity to transfer information with other defense networks for improved situational awareness and multi-layered defense.

Global Impact and Significance

The S-400's capability to build a multi-layered, dense air defense net has turned it into an essential element of the strategic arsenals of nations such as Russia, India, and China. Its range, speed, and flexibility make it an effective deterrent against contemporary aerial threats.

S-400 System Comparison

The S-400 Triumf remains a benchmark in air defense technology, offering unmatched protection and strategic depth to its operators.

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