Why Does Time Run Faster On The Moon Than The Earth? Learn How Gravity Shapes Lunar Missions

Dec 3, 2024, 16:47 IST

The Moon’s weaker gravity causes time to run faster compared to Earth. This small difference, though minor daily, is crucial for lunar missions. NASA aims to establish Coordinated Lunar Time (LTC) for precise timekeeping and coordination in future space exploration, ensuring successful communication and operations on the Moon.

Why Does Time Run Faster On The Moon Than The Earth?
Why Does Time Run Faster On The Moon Than The Earth?

The fact that time passes faster on the Moon than on Earth has a scientific foundation in the general theory of relativity by Albert Einstein. According to the said theory, time elapse is dependent on gravitational force: the greater the strength of gravitational force, the slower time goes. Due to the moon's very weak gravity about one-sixth that of the Earth, time is slower on the moon.

Key Findings by NASA

Quantified Difference: NASA scientists have calculated that time on the Moon runs about 0.0000575 seconds faster per day than on Earth. Although the difference is very small, it adds up over time and becomes important for long-duration missions and accurate navigation.

Implications for Space Missions: This time difference will be important for future lunar missions, especially with the NASA Artemis program looking to establish a sustained presence on the Moon by 2026. Accurate timekeeping will be necessary to coordinate activities between astronauts on the Moon and mission control on Earth.

Requirement of Standardized Lunar Time: Since multiple space agencies are preparing to launch heavy activities on the Moon, there is an emergent need for setting a standardized lunar time system known as Coordinated Lunar Time (LTC). It will enable coordination between all operations on the Moon, better communication, and navigation.

A team of researchers from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory did some calculations to provide a measure of this time discrepancy. Their research shows that for long periods, those small fractions of time become crucial for the success of the mission. Accurate time measurement is critical to various mission components, from navigation systems to communication to docking procedures and landing operations.

Implications for Future Lunar Missions

With NASA planning to return astronauts to the Moon by 2026 under its Artemis program, it becomes important to understand and compensate for these time differences. The agency plans to create a sustained human presence on the Moon, exploring potential sites for future lunar bases. Precise timekeeping will be essential for coordinating activities between astronauts on the lunar surface and mission control back on Earth.

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Establish Coordinated Lunar Time (LTC)

In light of this, there is a rising necessity for a standardized lunar time system called Coordinated Lunar Time (LTC). It is an initiative towards unifying activities on the Moon as well as effective communication among different missions and operators. NASA is working together with other U.S. government agencies and international organizations for the development of a uniform lunar time reference system.

The establishment of LTC will enable coordination among multiple space agencies and private companies that are planning missions to the Moon. A consistent definition of lunar time will be critical for successful navigation and communication, particularly as space exploration becomes more collaborative and complex.

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Calculation of Difference in Time

The calculation of this time difference is made about how time passes on the Earth and the Moon relative to the barycenter or center of mass of which celestial bodies orbit in space. Such a method of estimation has been verified, as recent studies have reflected at institutions such as the US National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Time goes faster on the Moon due to the weaker gravitational field it exerts compared to Earth. This has tremendous implications for future space travel, with a need to uniformly adopt timekeeping mechanisms during missions to the moon to ensure efficiency and safety in operations during humankind's expansion to the world beyond Earth.

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Kirti Sharma
Kirti Sharma

Content Writer

Kirti Sharma is a content writing professional with 3 years of experience in the EdTech Industry and Digital Content. She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts and worked with companies like ThoughtPartners Global, Infinite Group, and MIM-Essay. She writes for the General Knowledge and Current Affairs section of JagranJosh.com.

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