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Punjab Board Class 12th Biology Syllabus: The new curriculum for students of Class 12 has been released on the official website of the Punjab Board. All the students can now visit the website and check their latest syllabus for all the subjects. For your ease and convenience, we have brought to you the newly released PSEB Class 12 Syllabus 2025 with PDF download links of the subject-wise syllabus. In this article, you can find the Punjab Board Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025 along with a PDF download link of the same. The complete and detailed PSEB 12th Biology Syllabus has been provided to you below along with the course structure, marking scheme, evaluation scheme, and more. Check the details below for a better understanding of the course.
The syllabus provides students with a list of units, chapters, and topics that are to be studied for the given academic session. The course structure highlights the importance of each unit by providing students with insights on unit-wise marks weightage whereas the evaluation scheme informs students about the types of assessments they will be required to attempt and the marks held by each type of assessment.
Punjab Board PSEB Class 12th Biology Syllabus 2025
Check the Punjab Board Class 12th Biology Syllabus 2024-2025 in the table below. The detailed and complete PSEB 12th Biology syllabus has been provided to all the students of the current academic session 2024-2025.
| Unit-I Reproduction |
| Chapter 1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination - types, agencies and examples; out breeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation |
| Chapter 2: Human Reproduction Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis -spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea). |
| Chapter 3: Reproductive Health Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control - need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness) |
| Unit-II Genetics and Evolution |
| Chapter 4: Principles of Inheritance and Variation Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism – incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination - in humans, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance - haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans - thalassemia; chromosomal disorders i |
| Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central Dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation - lac operon; Genome, Human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting |
| Chapter 6: Evolution Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences); Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution - variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy - Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution |
| Unit-III Biology and Human Welfare |
| Chapter 7: Human Health and Diseases Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence - drug and alcohol abuse |
| Chapter 8: Microbes in Human Welfare Microbes in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicious use |
| Unit-IV Biotechnology and its Applications |
| Chapter 9: Biotechnology Principles and Processes Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology) |
| Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Applications Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents |
| Unit-V Ecology and Environment |
| Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations Population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution. (Topics excluded: Organism and its Environment, Major Aboitic Factors, Responses to Abioitic Factors, Adaptations) |
| Chapter 12: Ecosystem Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy (Topics excluded: Ecological Succession and Nutrient Cycles) |
| Chapter 13: Biodiversity and its Conservation Biodiversity-Concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, Sacred Groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites |
PSEB Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2024-2025 PDF
Punjab Board Class 12 Biology Course Structure 2024-2025
Find the PSEB Class 12th Biology course structure 2025 and get to know about the marks weightage, total number of periods required to complete the syllabus, and more.
| Unit | Name | No of Periods | Marks |
| I | Reproduction | 30 | 16 |
| II | Genetics and Evolution | 40 | 18 |
| III | Biology and Human Welfare | 30 | 12 |
| IV | Biotechnology and its Applications | 30 | 10 |
| V | Ecology and Environment | 30 | 14 |
| Total | 160 | 70 | |
Punjab Board Class 12th Biology Evaluation Scheme 2024-2025
Check how are students going to be evaluated, the types of assessments, the marks weightage of each assessment, and more relevant details below.
| Evaluation Scheme | Marks |
| One Major Experiment | 4 Marks |
| One Minor Experiment | 3 Marks |
| Slide Preparation | 3 Marks |
| Spotting | 7 Marks |
| Practical Record + Viva Voce | 4 Marks |
| Project Record + Viva Voce | 4 Marks |
| Total | 25 Marks |
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