TS 2nd Year Inter Zoology Syllabus 2024-25: Download FREE PDFs

Topics to be covered

Syllabus Dictation & Q.P model Explanation

UNIT-I: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

IA. Digestion and Absorption

1.11. Digestive system-Alimentary canal and digestive glands;

1.1.3 Digestive process (physiology of digestion), peristalsis, absorption of digested food

1.1.6 Gastro-Intestinal hormones, disorders of digestive system

IB. Breathing and Exchange of gases

1.2.1. Respiratory organs

1.2.2. Human Respiratory System

1.2.3. Mechanism of breathing,

1.2.4 Respiratory volumes and capacities, Exchange of gases

1.2.6 Transport of gases

1.2.7 Regulation of respiratory movements.

1.2.8. Disorders of the Respiratory system.

Unit II A BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION

2.1 Lymphatic System

2.2 Clotting of blood Circulating pathways

2.3 Human cardio-vascular system

2.4 Cardiac cycle, double circulation; Regulation of cardiac activity

2.5 Blood vessels, disorders of circulatory system: Hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), angina pectoris, heart failure

IIB. Excretory products and their Elimination:

2.6 Modes of excretion-Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism, Excretory organs

2.7 Human excretory system-structure of kidney and nephron;

2.8 Urineformation, osmoregulation, Regulation of kidney function-Renin-AngiotensinAldosterone system, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and diabetes in sipidus

2.9 Role of other organs in excretion

2.10 Disorders: Uraemia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis, Glomerulonephritis, dialysis using artificial kidney

UNIT–III: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-III

IIIA. Musculo-Skeletal system:

3.1.1 Types of moment,The muscle- structure of muscle ultrastructure of skeletal muscle fibre, Contract ileproteins

3.1.2 Mechanism of muscle contraction, Muscle Fatigue, Coricycle, types of Muscle Fibers

3.2 The skeleton

3.2.1 Axial skeleton

3.2.2 Appendicular skeleton

3.3.1 Joints, Structure of synovial joints

3.2.4 Disorders of the muscular and skeletal system: myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout

IIIB. Neural control and Co-ordination:

3.5 Human NeuralSystem-Central nervous system, Peripheral nervous system, somatic nervous system and autonomic neural system

3.6 Generation and conduction of nerve impulse and synaptic Transmission

3.7 Reflex action and Reflex Arc.

3.8 Sensory reception and processing; Sense organs The Eye, mechanism vision, The Ear and mechanism of hearing, disorders of human neural system Disorders of Human Neural system- Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Meningitis, Parkinson’s Diseases, Strokeor Cerebro-Vascular Accident (CVA)

UNIT–IV: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

IVA. Endocrine system and Chemical co-ordination:

4.1 Endocrine glands and hormones: Human endocrine system-Hypothalamus, pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Thymus, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads, Hormones of Kidney, Heart and gastro intestinal tract and Liver

4.2 Mechanism of hormone action (Elementary idea only); Role of hormones as messengers and regulators

4.3 Human hormonal disorders due to Hypo and hyper secretions: Dwarfism, acromegaly, Gigantism, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, myxedema, tetany, diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, insulin shock Adison’s disease, Cushing’s syndrome

IVB. Immune System:

4.4 Basic concepts of immunology- Types of cellsof the immune system,organs of immune system

4.5 Types of Immunity Innate Immunity, Acquired Immunity, Active and Passive Immunity, Humoral immunity, Cell-mediated immunity

4.6 Vaccination or Immunization

4.7 Immunological Disorders HIV and AIDS, Hypersensitivity disorders, Autoimmune disorders, Graft Rejections

HUMAN REPRODUCTION

VA.Human Reproductive System:

5.1 The Male Reproductive system

5.2 The Female Reproductive System

5.3 Gametogenesis-Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis

5.4 Menstrual Cycle

5.5 Fertilization and development, Implantation

5.6 Gastrulation

5.7 Extraembryonic membranes

5.8 Placenta Formation

5.9 Parturition

5.10 Lactation (elementary idea)

VB. Reproductive health:

5.12 Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases(STD) Birth control-Need and methods, contraception, barrier methods, intra urine devices ,oral contraceptive pills, surgical methods and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP)

5.13 Amniocentesis: in fertility and Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)-IVF-ET, ZIFT, GIFT, ICSI, AI, Surrogacy

UNIT–VI:GENETICS

6.1 Heredity and variation: Morgan’s experiment, With reference to Drosophila (Drosophila melanogaster Grey, Black body color; Long Vestigial Wings)

6.2 Pleiotropy Co-dominance (Blood groups as example)

6.3 Multiplealleles: Inheritance of blood groups and ABO’ Blood types, Rh-Blood types, genetic control of Rh system, Erythroblastiosisfoetalis

6.4 Polygenic Inheritance

6.5 Sex determination-Heterpgametic sex determination Male heterogamety, female heterogamety Sex determination in humans Genic balance theory, Barr bodies, Haplodiploidy in honey bees

6.6 Sex – Linked inheritance–Sex linkage in Drosophila, Sex linked inheritance - in Human beings – Haemophilia, colorblindness mendeli and isordersin humans - Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Sickle celled anaemia, cystiefibrosis PKU, Alkaptonuria. Y linked inheritance, XY Linked inheritance

6.7 Genetic disorders–Down’s sysdrome, Turner’s Syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome

6.8 Human Genome Project

6.9 DNA Finger Printing – protocol Application of DNA fingerprinting

UNITVII:ORGANIC EVOLUTION

7.1 Origin of life

7.2 Biological evolution

7.3 Evidences for biological evolution (palaeontological, comparative anatomical, embryological and molecular evidences)

7.4 Theories of evolution: Lamarckism (in brief), Darwin’s Theory of Evolution-Natural Selection with example – industrial melanism, mutation theory

7.5 Modern Synthetic theory of Evolution- or Neo Darwinism

7.6 Mechanism of evolution Hardy-Weinberg Eqilibrium;

II Evolutionary forces

Types of Natural Selection; Geneflow, Genetic load,

genetic drift

III Speciation

Anagenesis, cladogenesis Allopatric specitation,

Sympatric speciation

7.7 A brief account of evolution

7.8 Origin and evolution of man

UNIT-VIII:APPLIED BIOLOGY

8.1 Animal husbandry, Dairy farm management

8.2 Poultry farm management

8.3 Bee-Keeping

8.4 Fishery Management

8.5 Bio technological Applications in medicine

8.6 Vaccines

8.7 Molecular Diagnosis

8.8 Gene Therapy

8.9 Transgenic Animals

8.10 Cancer Biology

8.11 Stem cells

8.12 Biomedical Technology