Nobel Prize 2010

The Nobel Prize winners of 2010 in the different categories are as follows:

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was announced on 4 October 2010. British scientist Robert Edwards was selected for the Nobel Prize for medicine. Robert Edwards together with his colleague late Patrick Steptoe had pioneered research that led to the birth of the first test-tube baby in 1978.

The Nobel Prize in Physics for 2010 was announced on 5 October 2010. The prize was awarded to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov from Russia for undertaking experiments on the two-dimensional material graphene.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2010 was announced on 6 October 2010. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010 was awarded jointly to American chemist Richard F. Heck and Ei-ichi Negishi  and Akira Suzuki from Japan for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis.

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to American economists- Peter A. Diamond, Dale T. Mortensen and Cypriot economist Christopher A. Pissarides for their contribution to markets analysis with search frictions.

The 2010 Nobel Literature Prize was declared on 7 October 2010. Peruvian-Spanish author Mario Vargas Llosa won the 2010 Nobel Literature Prize. He was awarded the prize for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat. He is known for works such as Conversation in the Cathedral and The Feast of the Goat.  His first tasted success with the novel The Green House which appeared in English in 1966. He has since continued to produce a string of bestsellers, many of which deal with political themes and the troubled history of Latin America.

The Nobel Peace Prize was declared on 8 October 2010. Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo was declared the winner of the Nobel Peace prize 2010. Jailed Chinese democracy activist Liu Xiaobo won the Nobel Peace Prize on Friday for two decades of non-violent struggle for human right. The decision to give Liu the peace prize infuriated China. Liu Xiaobo who rose to prominence as a strike leader during the Tiananmen Square pro-democracy protests in 1989 was sentenced to 11 years jail in December 2009 for writing a manifesto calling for free speech and multi-party elections.

Each 2010 Nobel Prize amounted to 10 million Swedish kronor.  For 2010 the sum of the Nobel Prizes (Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace) is 50 million Swedish kronor. The prize money for Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences amounted to 10 million Swedish kronor. 

Nobel Prize-an Overview
The Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The prize is named after Swedish scientist Alfred Nobel whose will established the prizes in 1895. The prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace were first awarded in 1901. The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was instituted later by Sveriges Riksbank in 1968 and was first awarded in 1969. Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences is not considered technically as a Nobel Prize. However, its announcements and presentations are made along with the other prizes. The Peace Prize is awarded separately in Oslo, Norway. Unlike the other Nobel prizes the Peace Prize is not awarded by any Swedish organization but by the Norwegian Nobel Committee. The Nobel Prize in Physics, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences are awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet awards the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine whereas the Swedish Academy grants the Nobel Prize in Literature. The Nobel Prize includes gold medal, a diploma, and a sum of money which depends on the Nobel Foundation's income that year. Nobel Prize cannot be given posthumously. Each Nobel Prize is regarded as the most prestigious award in its field.
817 Laureates and 23 organizations have been awarded the Nobel Prize between 1901 and 2010. Nobel Prizes and Prizes in Economic Sciences have been awarded to 41 women and 776 to men between 1901 and 2010. The youngest Nobel Laureate till date is Lawrence Bragg, who was just 25 years old when he received the Nobel Prize in Physics along with with his father in 1915.