The Medieval Period of Indian History comprises a long period, spanning from the fall of the Gupta Empire to the rise and decline of Delhi Sultanate as well as the rise of the Mughal Empire. Before 12th century AD, northern India was governed by regional empire and they fight with each other to protect their regional empire which was sometimes accompanied by invasion as well. But after 12 century AD, Muhammed Ghauri successfully occupied Delhi and laid the foundation of Muslim rule in India.
List of Provincial Kingdoms before and after the Sultanate period
Kingdom | Capital | Important ruler |
Gurjara-Pratihara | Kannauj | 1. Harichandra (Founder) 2. Nagabhatta I 3. Vatsaraja 4. Nagabhatta II 5. Mihir Bhoja 6. Mahendrapala I 7. Mahipala 8. Mahindrapala I 9. Rajyapala 10. Yashpala |
Palas | Bikrampur,Pataliputra Gauda, Monghyr (Devapala), Somapura (Dharampala), Mahipal in present-day Murshidabad district (Mahipala) Ramavati in Varendra (Ramapala and successors) | 1. Gopala (Founder) 2. Dharmapala 3. Devapala 4. Narayanpala 5. Mahipala 6. Ramapala 7. Kumarpala 8. Madanpala
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Rashtrakutas | Manyakheta | 1. Dantidurga 2. Krishna I 3. Govinda II 4. Dhruva Dharavarsha 5. Govinda III 6. Amoghavarsha 7. Krishna II 8. Indra III 9. Amoghavarsha II 10. Govinda IV 11. Amoghavarsha III 12. Krishna III 13. Khottiga 14. Karka II 15. Indra IV |
Sena of Bengal | Nabadwip | 1. Vijaysena 2. Ballalasena 3. Lakshmanasena |
Gahadavals of Kannauj | Varanasi and Kanyakubja | 1. Chandradeva 2. Madanapala 3. Govindachandra 4. Vijayachandra 5. Jaichandra |
Chahmanas or Chauhana of Shakambari | Shakambhari | 1. Vasudeva 2. Govindraja 3. Chandraraja 4. Vakpatiraja 5. Simharaja 6. Vigraharaja II 7. Durlabhraja II 8. Govindaraja II 9. Prithviraja I 10. Ajayraja II 11. Arnoraja 12. Vigraharaja IV 13. Someshvara 14. Prithviraja III |
Kalachuris of Tripuri | Tripuri | 1. Kokalla I 2. Sankaragana I 3. Yuvraja I 4. Lakshmanaraja 5. Sankaragana II 6. Yuvaraja II 7. Kokalla II 8. Gangeydeva 9. Lakshmikarna 10. Yashkarna |
Paramaras of Malwa | Dhar | 1. Krishnaraja 2. Siyaka II 3. Vakpati Munja 4. Sinhraja 5. Bhoj Paramara 6. Jaysimha 7. Udayaditya 8. Mahak Deo |
Shah Mir Dynasty of Kashmir | Kashmir | 1. Shah Mirza or Sams-ud-Din (Founder) 2. Jamshed 3. Alau-ud-Din 4. Shahab-ud-Din 5. Qutub-ud-Din 6. Sikandar Butshikan 7. Alishah 8. Zain-ul-Abdin 9. Haidershah 10. Hassanshah 11. Mohammadshah 12. Fatehshah 13. Fatehshah 14. Ibrahimshah 15. Nazukshah |
Sisodia Dynasty of Mewar | Chittoor | 1. Rana Hamir 2. Rana Kumbha 3. Rana Sanga 4. Rana Pratap |
Rathore Dynasty of Mewar | Jodhpur | 1. Rao Chunda Rao Jhodha 2. Maldeva |
Kachhawaha Dynasty of Amberor Amer | Ajmer | 1. Dulla Ram Hammir Deva |
Muzaffarshahi Dynasty of Gujarat | Anhilwada (Now Ahmedabad) | 1. Zafar Khan or Muzaffar Khan 2. Ahmad Shah I Mahmud Begra 3. Bahadur Shah Ilyas Shah Alau-ud-din Shah |
Sultanate of Bengal | Gaud | 1. Ilyas Shah Alau-ud-din Shah |
Suryavansi of Gajapati Dynasty in Orissa | Jajnagar | 1. Kapilendra |
Khilji Dynasty of Malwa | Mandu | 1. Dilawar Khan Ghori 2. Mahmud Khilji |
Sharqi Dynasty of Jaunpur | Jaunpur | 1. Malik Sarwar 2. Ibrahim Shah Sharqi |
Ahom Dynasty of Kamrup and Assam | Charaideo (Later Charqua) | 1. Sukapha 2. Suhungmung |
Farukki Dynasty of Karandesh | Burhanpur | 1. Malik Raja Farukki 2. Malik Raja Farukki |
Bahmani Kingdom of Karnatak | Gulbarga (Later Bidar) | 1. Hasan Gangu Bahman Shah 2. Firoz Shah 3. Ahmad Shah I |
Vijaynagar Kingdom | Hastinavati or Hampi | 1. Harihara and Bukka (Founder) |
Sangam Dynasty |
Penugonda | 1. Harihara I |
Suluva Dynasty | 1. Narasimha Suluva | |
Tuluva Dynasty | 1. Vira Narasimha 2. Krishnadeva Raya | |
Aravidu Dynasty | Thirumala |
After the downfall of the Gupta Empire in the middle of the 6th century, North India was split into several independent kingdoms. The northern and western regions of India passed into the hands of a dozen or more feudatory states. Due to this internecine struggle between a numbers of dynasties gave space to the Muslims invader to spread over northern India.
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