From 2013, ARS Examination and NET Examination will be held separately once and twice a year respectively. Jagranjosh.com provides you the syllabus for Veterinary Pharmacology for the benefit of the aspirants preparing for ARS and NET Examination 2012. Candidates can go through the syllabus and prepare better for this exam.
Unit 1: General Pharmacology: Development and Scope, branches of pharmacology, Terminology, Sources and nature of drugs. Pharmacopoeia and drug compendia. Drug Schedules. Factor modifying drug activity. Definition of pharmaco-genomics, polymorphism and its use in drug development.
Pharmacodynamics: Drug structure activity relationship. Drug receptor interaction. Role of secondary messengers. Drug modulation via different types of channels. Characterisation of agonist, antagonists.
Pharamacokinetics : Principles, Drug metabolism and biotransformation. Factors modifying drug kinetics. Kinetic constants. Different models, determination of kinetic parameters and application in rational dosage regimen.
Pharmacometrics: Organisation and screening programmes and drug development. Multidimentional screening methods, bioassays. Determination of median doses – LD50, ED50, therapeutic indices. Types of dose response relationship.
Unit 2: Drug Acting on Central Nervous System
Role of neurotransmitters in CNS. Sedatives, Hypnotics, General anaesthetics, Hypotheses and clinical stages of anaesthesia. Pre-and post-anesthetics, Molecular mechanism of action of inhalent and and parenteral anesthetics. Anticonvulsants. Tranquilizers. Narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics and antipyretics. Drugs affecting behaviour. Drug dependence and addiction and abuses. CNS stimulants. Muscle relaxants. Local anaesthetics.
Unit 3: Drugs Acting on Humoral and Autonomic Nervous Systems
Neurohumoral transmission. Adrenergic and antiadranergic drugs including adrenergic neuron blockers. Cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs. Purinergic and Adenosine receptors. Dopaminergic and antidopaminergic agents. Nitric oxide mediators. Neuromuscular and ganglion stimulants and ganglion blockers.
Unit 4: Drugs Acting on Cardio-vascular and Respiratory Systems
Drugs acting on heart and blood vessles. Antihypotensive and anti-arrhythnic agents. Blood coagulants and anti-coagulants. Heamatinics. Haemorrhagic shock and its treatment.
Expectorants, antiussives. Cough sedatives. Bronchodilators. Mucolytic agents. Analeptics.
Unit 5: Drugs Acting on Digestive System
Stomachics. Antacids. Carminatives and antizymotics. Emetics and antemetics. Cathartics. Anetidiarrhoeal agents. Antispasmodics. Pharmacology of rumen and rumenotoric drugs. Drugs acting on heapatobiliary system.
Unit 6: Drug action on Uro-genital System
Drugs altering fluid balance. Diuretics and antidiuretics. General principles of elecrolyte and therapy. Drugs acting on uterus (oxytocis and tocolytics). Therapy of infertility and improving conception and synchronization of oestrus
Unit 7: Endocrine Pharmacology
Mode of action and synthesis of pituitary hormones. Therapeutics of non-pituitary gonadotropin, adrenocorticoids, sex hormones, insulin, thyroid hormones, antithyroid agents, calcitonin, parathormone.
Unit 8: Autacoids
Pharmacological effects and therapeutics of histamine, antihistaminic agents, 5-HT its antagonists, prostaglandins and leukotrences, peptides and kinins, rennin and angiotensins. Platelet activators. Anti-inflammatory drugs.
Unit 9: Chemotherapy
General principles. Drug allergy, hypersensitivity, mechanism of resistance. Antiseptics and Disinfectants. Chemistry, mechanism of action, therapeutics of sulphonamides (gut active, systemic), thrimethoprim and congener.
Antibiotics: Penicillin, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, macrolide, surface active, tetracyclines, polypeptide. Antifungal and other emerging antibiotics. Quinolones, nitrofurans, Antitubercular, antiviral and antineoplastic drugs.
Anthelminitic: Antinematodal, anticestodal, antitrematodal drugs. Antiprotonzoons, Anticoccdials. Drugs used for ectoparasite control.
Concept of Gene based therapy, prospects of disease target therapy, overview of indigenous medicinal drugs, its components for therapeutic use.
Unit 10: Toxicology:
Terminology. Classification of poisons. Toxicity rating. Principles of selective toxicity. Toxicodynamics. Toxicokinetics. Diagnosis and treatment of poisoning (anti-dotal and non anti-dotal). Mechanism of detoxification. Poisons causing respiratory insufficiency. Toxicology of common inorganic compounds. Toxicity of metals, non-metals and metalloids. Poisonous plant-cyanogenic, nitrate and oxalate producers. Mycotoxins : aflatoxin, rubratoxin, ergot. Toxic ferns. Venoms from snakes, scorpions, toads, etc. and treatment.
Unit 11: Ecotoxicology
Types and identification of industrial contamination and pollution residual toxicity. Impact of pesticides, fungicides, weedicides, fertilizers on biosphere. Chemical warfare agents and radiation hazards. Toxicity from food additives, preservatives. Statutory regulation on agrochemical formulation and their uses. Newer parameters, immunotoxicity, teratogenicity, mutagenicity, embroyotoxicity for toxicological evaluation.
Unit 12: Miscellaneous Topics:
Drugs promoting growth and production. Agents used for doping and restraining of wild animals. Euthanising agents. Drug control and regulation.
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