The UPSC will conduct the CDS (I) Exam 2018 on 4 February 2018. For the benefit of aspirants, Jagran Josh is providing the following questions on antonyms. The answers along with explanations as given below will help the candidates in understanding the nature of the questions in the exam.
Directions for the following 10 items: Each item consists of a word or a phrase which is underlined in the sentence given. It is followed by four words or phrases. Select the word or phrase which is closest to the opposite in meaning of the underlined word or phrase.
1) Whether the rewards are in commensurate with the efforts or not, a society will always have workaholics and the shirk work groups.
(a) disproportionate
(b) equal to
(c) matched
(d) unparalleled
Answer. (a) disproportionate
The meaning of commensurate is corresponding in size or degree. Disproportionate is the most appropriate antonym for commensurate in this context. Other antonyms of disproportionate are – incompatible, unsuitable, inadequate, inappropriate, incommensurate and unacceptable.
Synonyms of commensurate are - adequate, corresponding, comparable, compatible, consistent, proportionate, sufficient, appropriate, extensive, uestarequalstarequivalentstarfitstar
2) Wars leave behind a large number of emaciated soldiers in the camps of both the victorious and the vanquished
(a) hefty
(b) thin
(c) disillusioned
(d) determined
Answer. (b) hefty
The meaning of emaciated (adjective) is abnormally thin or weak, especially because of illness or a lack of food. Antonyms of emaciated are – chubby, heavy, plump, full, fat, overweight, thick, overnourished, etc.
Synonyms of emaciated are – lean, famished, bony, attenuate, undefed, etc.
CDS (II) 2017 Exam: Environment Questions with Answers
3) There was a mammoth gathering to listen to the leader.
(a) negligible
(b) tiny
(c) poor
(d) large
Anwer. (b) tiny
Mammoth means unusually large. Antonyms of mammoth are - big, bulky, considerable, extensive, good, goodly, great, gross, handsome, hefty, hulking, etc.
Synonyms of mammoth are - astronomical, Brobdingnagian, bumper, colossal, cosmic, cyclopean, elephantine, enormous, galactic, gargantuan, giant, etc.
4) The audience thoroughly enjoyed the hilarious drama
(a) amusing
(b) delightful
(c) serious
(d) momentous
Answer. (c) serious
Hilarious (adjective) means very funny. Antonyms of hilarious are – boring, sad, serious, tragic, grave, tiring, serious, etc.
Synonyms of Hilarious are – amusing, comical, entertaining, laughable, lovely, priceless, etc.
5) The writer’s erudition in science is revealed in every page of the book.
(a) unenlightened
(b) ignorance
(c) intelligence
(d) hollowness
Answer. (b) ignorance
Erudition means extensive knowledge acquired chiefly from books. While ignorance is the antonym of erudition, synonyms of erudition are - education, knowledge, learnedness, learning, literacy, scholarship, etc.
6) The seminar which Ravi organised proved to be momentous event.
(a) trivial
(b) futile
(c) vain
(d) useless
Answer. (a) trivial
Momentous (adjective) means that is of great importance or significance. Antonyms of momentous are – unimportant, insignificant, wortheless, etc.
Synonyms of momentous are – important, significant, epoch-making, fateful, critical, crucial, vital, big, etc.
CDS (I) 2018 Exam: English Practice Questions - Synonyms Set 01
7) The question is not whether the court vindicates him with regard to his involvement in the case, but how he feels about it.
(a) reprieves
(b) absolves
(c) indicts
(d) summons
Answer. (b) absolves
Vindicate (verb) means clear someone of blame or suspicion. Antonyms of vindicate are – convict, blame, incriminate, etc.
Synonyms of vindicate are – acquit, clear, absolve, exonerate, discharge, liberate, etc.
8) In those days many monarchs enjoyed vast ecclesiastical powers
(a) permanent
(b) temporal
(c) contemporary
(d) constitutional
Answer. (b) temporal
Ecclesiastical (adjective) means relating to the Christian Church or its clergy. Antonyms of ecclesiastical are - lay, profane, secular, temporal, nonclerical, nondenominational, nonsectarian, etc.
Antonyms of ecclesiastical are - consecrated, divine, hallowed, holy, religious, sacramental, sacred, sacrosanct, sanctified, etc.
9) She has great disdain for mass culture.
(a) contempt
(b) disrespect
(c) liking
(d) hatred
Answer. (c) liking
Disdain (noun) means the feeling that someone or something is unworthy of one's consideration or respect. Synonyms of disdain are – contempt, antipathy, arrogance, scorn, derision, etc.
Antonyms of disdain are – admiration, affection, approval, flattery, humility, love, praise, regard, respect, sympathy, etc.
10. She watched Jule nudge Charlie.
(a) poke
(b) dig
(c) encourage
(d) slam
Answer. (d) slam
The meaning of nudge means to pass lightly across or touch gently especially in passing. Antonyms of nudge means - bang, bash, bump, clash, collide, crash, hit, impact, impinge, knock, punch, ram, slam, slap, smack, smash, swipe, thud, thwack, whack, etc.
Synonyms of nudge means are - bump, contact, scrape, sideswipe, strike, sweep, swipe, touch, bounce, carom, glance, rebound, ricochet, skip, caress, cuddle, fondle, love, pat, pet, stroke, skirt, etc.
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