West Bengal WBCHSE Class 12 Biological Science Syllabus 2024-25: Download PDF

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UNIT VI REPRODUCTION 

Chapter 1: Sexual Reproduction in flowering plants Flower structure;Development of male and female Gametophytes; Pollination — Types, Agencies and examples; Out breeding devices;Pollen pistil interaction; Double fertilization; Post-fertilization events-development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; Special modes — Apomixis; Parthenocarpy; Polyembryony; Seed dispersal and fruit formation and their significance. 

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Chapter 2: Human reproduction 

Male and female reproductive systems; Anatomy and Histology of testis and ovary, Gametogenesis-Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis; Menstrual cycle; Fertilization,embryo development up to blastocyst, formation and implantation; Pregnancy and placenta formation and function;Parturition: mechanism and neuroendocrine system involved in this mechanism, Lactation.  

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Chapter 3: Reproductive health 

Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); Birth control-need and methods, Contraception and medical termination of pregnancy(MTP); Amniocentesis;Infertility and Assisted reproductive technologies-IVF,ZIFT,GIFT(elementary idea for general awareness).  

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UNIT-VII (GENETICS AND EVOLUTION) 

Chapter 4: Principles of Inheritance and variation. 

Heredity and Variation: Mendelian inheritance, Deviations from Mendelism-Incomplete dominance, Codominance, Multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, Pleiotropy; Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; Chromosome theory of inheritance; Chromosomes and genes, sex determination in humans, birds and honeybees; Linkage and crossing over; Sex linked inheritance hemophilia,colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humansThalassemia; Pedigree Analysis; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down’s syndrome, Turner’s syndrome and Klinefelter’s syndrome. 

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Chapter 5: Molecular basis of inheritance 

Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material(experiments on bacterial transformation by F. Griffith; Avery, MacLeod and McCarty; Experiment by Hershey and Chase; Structure of DNA and RNA, DNA packaging, DNA replication; Central Dogma; Genetic Code, Translation, gene expression and regulation-lac operon; Genome, Human and Rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting. 

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Chapter 6: Evolution 

Origin of life;Biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution(Palaeontology, Embryology and molecular evidence); Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory; Mechanism of evolution – Variation (Mutation and Recombination) and Natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg Principle; Adaptive radiation; Human evolution.  

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UNIT-VIII (BIOLOGY AND HUMAN WELFARE)

Chapter 7: Human health and diseases 

Basic concept of immunology.-Immune system, Antigen, Antibody, antigen-antibody reaction, Types of immunity - vaccine and vaccinations; Pathogens: Parasites causing human diseases: Malaria, Filariasis, Chikungunya, Dengue, Ascariasis, Typhoid, Pneumonia, Common Cold, Amoebiasis, Ringworm, SARS (COVID), Allergy and Autoimmune disorders –Symptoms of disease, Name of causative agents, Mode of transmission. Preventive measures. Cancer, HIV and AIDS — Symptoms of diseases; Causative agents, Mode of transmissions, Preventive measures. Adolescence: Drug and alcohol abuse

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Chapter 8.Improvement In food production 

Plant breeding, Tissue culture, Single cell Protein. 

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Chapter 9: Microbes in Human Welfare 

Microbes in food processing, Industrial production, Sewage treatment, Energy generation, Microbes as bio-control agents and biofertilizers, Antibiotics: Production and judicious use.  

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UNIT –IX (BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION)

Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its applications 

Principle, Process of genetic engineering. (Recombinant DNA technology), Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture, Human Insulin and vaccine production, Stem cell therapy, Gene therapy; Genetically modified organisms: B

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UNIT- X (ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT)  

Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations 

Meaning of Environment. Habitat and niche, Population interactions – Mutualism; Competition; Predation; Parasitism. Population attributes – Growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.  

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Chapter 12: Ecosystem. 

Ecosystem and its pattern; Components of ecosystem. Productivity and Decomposition. Energy flow, Pyramids of number, Biomass and energy, Ecological succession. 

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Chapter 13: Biodiversity and its conservation 

Biodiversity — concept, Patterns, Importance; Loss of biodiversity; Biodiversity conservation; Hotspots, Endangered organisms, Extinction, Red Data book. Sacred Groves, Biosphere reserves, National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries and Ramsar sites. 

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Chapter 14: Environmental issues 

Solid waste management; Radioactive waste management; Success stories addressing environmental issues-Chipko movement, Dasholi Gram Swarajya Mandal movement (DGSM) Silent Valley movement, Amrita Devi Bishnoi (Jaipur)Movement.  

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