What is Genome Editing or CRISPR- Cas 9 Technology?

Aug 18, 2021, 11:47 IST

In the article below, know all about CRISPR- Cas 9 Technology and how it has been used in the medicinal world and space. Also now all about WHO's recent report on genome editing and the use of CRISPR technology in Alzheimer's disease. 

genome editing
genome editing

Latest Update: 

Scientists are recently using the CRISPR technology to develop a peptide display platform that is to be used as a tool to identify the antibodies in the patients. The technology is being called PICASSO or peptide immobilization by Cas9-mediated self-organization. This could inspire the new class of medical diagnostics and can be used to treat a lot of diseases like Alzheimer's etc. 

PICASSO technology is developed by Barber and his colleagues. It uses a modified Cas9 enzyme to aid in the study of various chosen peptide libraries and overcome the limitations of current display technologies.

WHO had also released two new companion reports that give recommendations to the countries to make genome editing the go to tool for public health emphasizing on safety, effectiveness and ethics. 

The chief scientist of WHO, Dr Soumya Swaminathan told in a virtual press conference that the reports have been made by examining, consulting hundreds of participants in a span of two years on somatic germ line and heritable human genome editing. 

Also recently NASA astronauts Christina Koch, Tyler Nicklaus Hague, and David Saint-Jacques used CRISPR/ Cas9 technology which is a gene editing technology to recreate the cells that can be damaged in space or due to lack of gravity. 

Take a look at both the above topics details below. 

CRISPR Technology use by NASA Scientists:

Human beings being transferred into space was a dream for man. Now that the people can do it we need to find out ways to save our bodies from the issues faced by it as it leaves the protective atmosphere of the Earth. 

The damage to the DNA of the man in outer space is caused due to being exposed to the harmful radiations of the space. Such radiations can cause cancer in humans and animals both. 

Our cells have the magical ability to repair the damages that are incurred to themselves. The cells employ different mechanisms to repair depending on the type and category of damage. 

Earlier researches have found that cells pick a particular strategy that is influenced by the micro gravity of the space. Scientists are thus concerned that in case the DNA repair is influenced by the micro gravity, it may not be very fruitful and may have consequences that can harm them. 

Therefore, to study the DNA repair process in space, the scientists are depending on CRISPR Technology or Cas 9 gene editing technology that may help them to recreate precisely the damages that can be observed while repairing the cells.   

The scientists performed an experiment at the International Space Station on the yeast cells. This was the first time gene editing happened in space. 

What is CRISPR Gene Editing?

CRISPR or Cas-9 gene editing is a technique in molecular biology through which modification of genomes can be done. The basis of this technology is the bacterial CRISPR-Cas9 antiviral defense system. 

How is it performed?

It is performed by delivering the Cas9 nuclease in complex with a synthetic guide RNA also called gRNA inside the cell. This cuts the genome at the desired location and also opens options for the new genomes to be added or removed in vivo. 

This technique is used to make genetically modified organisms, controlling pathogens etc. Also genetic diseases can be cured using this. 

Also Read| What is Black Fungus ? Know all about Covid triggered Mucormycosis here

Science and Tech Weekly Brief

Tulika Tandon is an Education Reporter & Writer with an experience of 5+ years. An MBA graduate and a long-time UPSC aspirant, she has devoted her life to helping the students find the right path to success. In her free time, Tulika likes to read, travel or bake. Read her stories in GK, UPSC and School sections at Jagranjosh.com. She can be reached at tulika.tandon@jagrannewmedia.com.
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FAQs

  • What are the disadvantages of Gene editing?
    +
    Unwanted immune system reaction is the general reaction of the Gene editing
  • Can we edit our DNA?
    +
    Genome editing is a group of technologies that gives scientists the ability to change an organism's DNA.
  • Is CRISPR gene therapy or gene editing?
    +
    CRISPR Clustered, Regularly Inter spaced, Short Palindromic Repeats is a gene editing technology.
  • How is CRISPR used to edit genes?
    +
    CRISPR uses a small strand of RNA to direct the Cas9 enzyme to a site in the genome with a matching sequence. It cuts the strands of DNA at that site and the cells repair systems.

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