ISC Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2024-25: Download Class 12th Physics Syllabus PDF

Electrostatics

(i) Electric Charges and Fields- Electric charges; conservation and quantisation of charge, Coulomb's   law; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. Electric field, electric field due to a point  charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in uniform electric field, Electric flux, Gauss’s theorem in Electrostatics and its applications to find field due to  infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell

(ii) Electrostatic  Potential,  Potential  Energy and Capacitance- Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field. Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor, Dielectrics and electric polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel,  Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor, energy stored in a capacitor (No derivation, formulae only).

Current Electricity

Mechanism of flow of current in conductors. Mobility, drift velocity and its relation with electric current;   Ohm's law and its proof, resistance and resistivity and their relation to drift velocity of electrons; V-I  characteristics (linear and non-linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity, temperature dependence of resistance and resistivity. Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff's laws and simple applications,  Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge. Potentiometer - principle and its applications to measure potential  difference, to compare emf of two cells; to measure internal resistance of a cell

Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

(i) Moving charges and magnetism- Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment, Biot - Savart law and its application, Ampere's Circuital law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight solenoids (only qualitative treatment),  Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields, Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, force between two parallel current-carrying conductors- definition of ampere, torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer -its sensitivity, Conversion of galvanometer into an ammeter and a voltmeter

(ii) Magnetism and Matter- A current loop as a magnetic dipole, its magnetic dipole moment, magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron, magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) on the axial line and equatorial line, torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements. Diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic substances, with examples. Electromagnets and factors affecting their strengths, permanent magnets.

Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

(i) Electromagnetic Induction- Faraday's laws, induced emf and current, Lenz's Law, eddy currents, Self-induction and mutual induction, Transformer

(ii) Alternating Current- Peak value, mean value and RMS value of alternating current/voltage; their relation in sinusoidal case; reactance and impedance, LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits, wattless current, AC generator 

Electromagnetic Waves

Basic idea of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, their transverse nature (qualitative ideas only), Complete electromagnetic spectrum starting from radio waves to gamma rays: elementary  facts of electromagnetic waves and their uses

Optics

(i) Ray Optics and Optical Instrument- Ray Optics: Reflection of light by spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction of light at plane surfaces, total internal reflection and its applications, optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lensmaker's formula, magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, combination of a lens and a mirror, refraction and dispersion of light through a prism, Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting)  and their magnifying powers

(ii) Wave Optics- Wave front and Huygen's principle, Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen's principle, Interference, Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width(β), coherent sources and sustained interference of  light,  Fraunhofer diffraction due to a single slit, width   of central maximum

Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Wave particle duality; photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric  equation- particle nature of light. Matter waves - wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation; conclusion from Davisson-Germer experiment

Atoms and Nuclei

(i) Atoms- Alpha-particles cattering experiment; Rutherford's atomic model; Bohr’s atomic model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum. 

(ii) Nuclei- Composition and size of nucleus, Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding  energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number; Nuclear reactions, nuclear fission and nuclear fusion

Electronic Devices

Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits, Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors and insulators (qualitative ideas only). Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, P and n type, p-n junction, Semiconductor diode:  I-V  characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier; Special types of junction diodes: LED, photodiode, solar cell and Zener diode and its characteristics, zener diode as a voltage regulator

Download ISC Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2024-2025 PDF

Unit Name

Marks

Electrostatics

14 

Current Electricity

Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

16

Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Electromagnetic Waves

Optics

18

Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

7

Atoms and Nuclei

Electronic Devices

7

Total

70