How to calculate atomic mass from the periodic table?

Atomic mass is defined as the mass of an element that can be calculated by simply adding the number of protons and neutrons of that element. mass number = protons + neutrons.

Name the first 20 elements.

The first 20 elements of the periodic table are as follows: H – Hydrogen, He – Helium, Li – Lithium, Be – Beryllium, B – Boron, C – Carbon, N – Nitrogen, O – Oxygen, F – Fluorine, Ne – Neon, Na – Sodium, Mg – Magnesium, Al – Aluminium, Si – Silicon. P – Phosphorus. S – Sulphur. Cl – Chlorine. Ar – Argon. K – Potassium. Ca – Calcium.

Periodic Table of Elements: History, Element Names, Symbols, Tricks to Learn

Periodic Table Chemistry: The periodic table of elements is a tabular arrangement of all known chemical elements, organised based on their atomic number, electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties. Elements are placed in order of increasing atomic number, which is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. The table is divided into rows called periods and columns called groups or families.

Key Features of the Periodic Table

Periods: There are seven horizontal rows in the periodic table. Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells.
Groups: There are 18 vertical columns. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties and the same number of electrons in their outermost shell.
Element Symbols: Each element is represented by a unique one- or two-letter symbol, usually derived from its English or Latin name (e.g., H for Hydrogen, Au for Gold from "Aurum").
Atomic Number: The atomic number, which indicates the number of protons in an atom, is displayed above the element symbol.
Atomic Mass: The atomic mass, usually found below the element symbol, indicates the weighted average mass of an element's isotopes.

History of Periodic Table of Elements

Johann Dobereiner, a German chemist, was the first to consider trends among element properties in the early 1800s.
In 1829, Dobereiner identified similarities in the physical and chemical properties of several groups of three elements, called Triads.
Dobereiner noted that the atomic weight of the middle element in each Triad was approximately halfway between the atomic weights of the other two, and its properties were also intermediate.
Dobereiner's Law of Triads was dismissed as coincidental since it only applied to a few elements.
In 1862, French geologist A.E.B. de Chancourtois arranged elements by increasing atomic weights and created a cylindrical table to show periodic property recurrence, but it gained little attention.
John Alexander Newlands, an English chemist, proposed the Law of Octaves in 1865, observing that every eighth element had similar properties when arranged by increasing atomic weight.
Newlands compared this to musical octaves but his Law of Octaves applied only up to calcium and was not widely accepted initially.
Newlands was later awarded the Davy Medal in 1887 by the Royal Society, London.
Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907) and Lothar Meyer (1830-1895) independently developed the Periodic Law in 1869, observing periodic similarities in element properties when arranged by atomic weight.
Lothar Meyer plotted physical properties against atomic weight and found a repeating pattern, noting changes in the length of the pattern.
By 1868, Lothar Meyer had a table resembling the Modern Periodic Table but published it after Mendeleev.
Mendeleev is credited with publishing the Periodic Law, which states that the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic weights.
Mendeleev's work led to the development of the Modern Periodic Table, recognising periodic trends and allowing predictions of undiscovered elements.

Mendeleev’s work

Mendeleev arranged elements in a table with horizontal rows and vertical columns based on increasing atomic weights.
Elements with similar properties were placed in the same vertical column or group.
Mendeleev’s classification system was more elaborate than Lothar Meyer’s, considering a broader range of physical and chemical properties.
He emphasised the importance of periodicity, using similarities in empirical formulas and properties of compounds to classify elements.
Mendeleev recognised that some elements did not fit his classification scheme if strictly ordered by atomic weight.
He chose to ignore the atomic weight order when necessary, believing that atomic measurements might be incorrect, to keep elements with similar properties together.

Elements of Periodic Table

Here is a list of periodic table elements with their names, symbols, atomic numbers, atomic masses, number of electrons and protons in a tabular format:

Atomic Number	Element Name	Symbol	Atomic Mass (u)	Electrons	Protons
1	Hydrogen	H	1.008	1	1
2	Helium	He	4.0026	2	2
3	Lithium	Li	6.94	3	3
4	Beryllium	Be	9.0122	4	4
5	Boron	B	10.81	5	5
6	Carbon	C	12.011	6	6
7	Nitrogen	N	14.007	7	7
8	Oxygen	O	15.999	8	8
9	Fluorine	F	18.998	9	9
10	Neon	Ne	20.18	10	10
11	Sodium	Na	22.99	11	11
12	Magnesium	Mg	24.305	12	12
13	Aluminum	Al	26.982	13	13
14	Silicon	Si	28.085	14	14
15	Phosphorus	P	30.974	15	15
16	Sulfur	S	32.06	16	16
17	Chlorine	Cl	35.45	17	17
18	Argon	Ar	39.948	18	18
19	Potassium	K	39.098	19	19
20	Calcium	Ca	40.078	20	20
21	Scandium	Sc	44.956	21	21
22	Titanium	Ti	47.867	22	22
23	Vanadium	V	50.942	23	23
24	Chromium	Cr	51.996	24	24
25	Manganese	Mn	54.938	25	25
26	Iron	Fe	55.845	26	26
27	Cobalt	Co	58.933	27	27
28	Nickel	Ni	58.693	28	28
29	Copper	Cu	63.546	29	29
30	Zinc	Zn	65.38	30	30
31	Gallium	Ga	69.723	31	31
32	Germanium	Ge	72.63	32	32
33	Arsenic	As	74.922	33	33
34	Selenium	Se	78.971	34	34
35	Bromine	Br	79.904	35	35
36	Krypton	Kr	83.798	36	36
37	Rubidium	Rb	85.468	37	37
38	Strontium	Sr	87.62	38	38
39	Yttrium	Y	88.906	39	39
40	Zirconium	Zr	91.224	40	40
41	Niobium	Nb	92.906	41	41
42	Molybdenum	Mo	95.95	42	42
43	Technetium	Tc	98	43	43
44	Ruthenium	Ru	101.07	44	44
45	Rhodium	Rh	102.91	45	45
46	Palladium	Pd	106.42	46	46
47	Silver	Ag	107.87	47	47
48	Cadmium	Cd	112.41	48	48
49	Indium	In	114.82	49	49
50	Tin	Sn	118.71	50	50
51	Antimony	Sb	121.76	51	51
52	Tellurium	Te	127.6	52	52
53	Iodine	I	126.9	53	53
54	Xenon	Xe	131.29	54	54
55	Cesium	Cs	132.91	55	55
56	Barium	Ba	137.33	56	56
57	Lanthanum	La	138.91	57	57
58	Cerium	Ce	140.12	58	58
59	Praseodymium	Pr	140.91	59	59
60	Neodymium	Nd	144.24	60	60
61	Promethium	Pm	145	61	61
62	Samarium	Sm	150.36	62	62
63	Europium	Eu	151.96	63	63
64	Gadolinium	Gd	157.25	64	64
65	Terbium	Tb	158.93	65	65
66	Dysprosium	Dy	162.5	66	66
67	Holmium	Ho	164.93	67	67
68	Erbium	Er	167.26	68	68
69	Thulium	Tm	168.93	69	69
70	Ytterbium	Yb	173.05	70	70
71	Lutetium	Lu	174.97	71	71
72	Hafnium	Hf	178.49	72	72
73	Tantalum	Ta	180.95	73	73
74	Tungsten	W	183.84	74	74
75	Rhenium	Re	186.21	75	75
76	Osmium	Os	190.23	76	76
77	Iridium	Ir	192.22	77	77
78	Platinum	Pt	195.08	78	78
79	Gold	Au	196.97	79	79
80	Mercury	Hg	200.59	80	80
81	Thallium	Tl	204.38	81	81
82	Lead	Pb	207.2	82	82
83	Bismuth	Bi	208.98	83	83
84	Polonium	Po	209	84	84
85	Astatine	At	210	85	85
86	Radon	Rn	222	86	86
87	Francium	Fr	223	87	87
88	Radium	Ra	226	88	88
89	Actinium	Ac	227	89	89
90	Thorium	Th	232.04	90	90
91	Protactinium	Pa	231.04	91	91
92	Uranium	U	238.03	92	92
93	Neptunium	Np	237	93	93
94	Plutonium	Pu	244	94	94
95	Americium	Am	243	95	95
96	Curium	Cm	247	96	96
97	Berkelium	Bk	247	97	97
98	Californium	Cf	251	98	98
99	Einsteinium	Es	252	99	99
100	Fermium	Fm	257	100	100
101	Mendelevium	Md	258	101	101
102	Nobelium	No	259	102	102
103	Lawrencium	Lr	262	103	103
104	Rutherfordium	Rf	267	104	104
105	Dubnium	Db	270	105	105
106	Seaborgium	Sg	271	106	106
107	Bohrium	Bh	270	107	107
108	Hassium	Hs	277	108	108
109	Meitnerium	Mt	278	109	109
110	Darmstadtium	Ds	281	110	110
111	Roentgenium	Rg	282	111	111
112	Copernicium	Cn	285	112	112
113	Nihonium	Nh	286	113	113
114	Flerovium	Fl	289	114	114
115	Moscovium	Mc	290	115	115
116	Livermorium	Lv	293	116	116
117	Tennessine	Ts	294	117	117
118	Oganesson	Og	294	118	118

This table includes all 118 known elements, providing their names, symbols, and atomic numbers.

Image Source: yourdictionary.com

Classification of Elements of Periodic Table

Elements are grouped into four main categories: metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and noble gases. Here's a detailed classification:

Metals

Alkali Metals (Group 1): Highly reactive, especially with water (e.g., Lithium, Sodium, Potassium).
Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2): Less reactive than alkali metals, but still quite reactive (e.g., Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium).
Transition Metals (Groups 3-12): Includes elements like Iron, Copper, and Gold, known for their conductivity and malleability.
Lanthanides: Rare earth elements, used in electronics and lasers (e.g., Lanthanum, Cerium).
Actinides: Radioactive elements, some synthetic (e.g., Uranium, Plutonium).

Nonmetals

Hydrogen: Unique, not fitting into any single group.
Halogens (Group 17): Very reactive nonmetals, form salts with metals (e.g., Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine).
Other Nonmetals: Essential for life, such as Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen.

Metalloids

Elements with properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals (e.g., Boron, Silicon, Germanium). These are often semiconductors.

Noble Gases (Group 18)

Inert gases, nonreactive due to having a complete valence electron shell (e.g., Helium, Neon, Argon).

Periodic Trends:

Atomic Radius: Decreases across a period and increases down a group.
Ionization Energy: Increases across a period and decreases down a group.
Electronegativity: Increases across a period and decreases down a group.

Modern Periodic Law:

States that the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers. This law is the basis for the modern periodic table.

Tricks to Learn Periodic Table Through Easy Mnemonic Phases

Check here the easy ways to remember the periodic table for Indian students. Source: Quora

Group 1: (Li Na K Rb Cs Fr)

LiNa ne Kri RuBy Cse Friendship

Group 2: (Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra)

Beta Maange Car Scooter Baap Razi

Group 3: (B Al Ga In Th)

Baingal Aaalo Gajar In Thaila

Group 14: (C Si Ge Sn Pb)

Chemistry Sir Gives Sanki Problems

Group 15: (N P As Sb Bi)

Nana Patekar Aishwary Sab Bindass

Group 16: (O S Se Te Po)

us se tepo

Group 17: (F Cl Br I As)

Fir kal Bahar Aai Esi

Group 18: (He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn)

Hena ar kreen ki xeroz Rangeen

3d Series- (Sc Ti V Cr Mg Fe Co Ni Cu Zn)

Science Teacher Very Cruel Mange Fees Copy Nikalo Copper Zinc

Creating mnemonic phrases can help you remember the order of elements, especially for the first 20 elements or specific groups.

First 10 Elements:

Hydrogen (H), Helium (He), Lithium (Li), Beryllium (Be), Boron (B), Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Fluorine (F), Neon (Ne).
Mnemonic: "Happy Henry Likes Beans Brown, Crusty, Not Over-Fried Nicely."

Group 1 (Alkali Metals):

Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs), Francium (Fr).

Mnemonic: "Little Naughty Kids Rub Cats Fur."

Group 17 (Halogens):

Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I), Astatine (At).

Mnemonic: "Fat Cats Bring In Ants."

These phrases are general and are available on other free online sources. You may refer to these or create your own.

This article concludes here with all the relevant information taken from NCERT and other authorised sources on the periodic table of chemistry. For more related information, check out the official website of Jagran Josh.

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Periodic Table of Elements: History, Element Names, Symbols, Trick to Learn

Modern Periodic Table: This article will elaborate on the periodic table and its characteristics. Read here to learn the key features, history, list of elements and easy tricks to remember the periodic table.

Key Features of the Periodic Table

History of Periodic Table of Elements

Elements of Periodic Table

Classification of Elements of Periodic Table

Tricks to Learn Periodic Table Through Easy Mnemonic Phases

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