From 2013, ARS Examination and NET Examination will be held separately once and twice a year respectively. Jagranjosh.com provides you the syllabus for Veterinary Pharmacology for the benefit of the aspirants preparing for ARS and NET Examination 2012. Candidates can go through the syllabus and prepare better for this exam.
Unit 1. Introduction to Fish Health and Pathology
Definition of health and disease in fish. Predisposing factors, biotic and abiotic factors, Stress and general adaptation syndrome. Role of physical (injuries, health, cold) chemical (pH, salinity, toxins, ammonia, nitrogeneous waste, endogeneous chemical metabolities, free radicals, oxidants) soil and water parameters in fish health. Host-pathogen-environment interaction, toxins and nutritional factors in disease process.
General pathology- degeneration, necrosis, apoptosis, inflammation, classification of inflammation, biology of inflammatory phenomenon, signs and pathology of inflammation, chemical mediators release from inflamed cells and tissues involved and their function, immunoglobulins, memory system, antigens, haptens and carriers, monoclonal antibodies, lymphoid organs, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, subsets and nature of receptors, macrophages, RES, cell-mediated immune responses, complement system, MHC, autoimmunity, immunological tolerances, macrophages, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, endothelial cells, extracellular matrix and growth factors in healing and defense.
Unit 2. Diseases of Fish
Major bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic, non-infectious diseases of fish and shellfish in aquaculture systems. Cell lines and their use in virus isolation, bacterial metabolism, bacterial toxins and pathogenesis, diverse bacterial species infection fish and shellfish, evolution and classification of viruses, virus-host relationship, replication of virus, molecular pathogenesis, viral vaccines, new antiviral compounds, virus and gene therapy, RNA and DNA viruses in fish and shell fish and their antigenicity, cultivation, pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, prophylaxis and immunity. Patho-epizootiology, treatment and control of mycotoxicosis, EUS, saprolegniasis and other fungal pathogens of fish and shellfish, diseases caused by trematodes, cestodes, nematodes, crustaceans, acanthocephalans, protozoans, algal blooms, microbial toxicity.
Unit 3.Aqatic Environment and Fish Health:
Kinetics of microbial population in the aquatic environment, bio-films, microbial interactions. Water pollution-microbial changes induced by inorganic and organic pollutants, industrial effluents, domestic sewage and their effects on fish and shellfish. Biological pollution-algal blooms and their effect on fish production, biological and chemical control of algal bloom. Metals as pollutants-accumulation of mercury, cadmium, lead, etc. in fishes.
Unit 4.Disease Diagnosis
Principles of disease diagnosis, conventional and rapid diagnostic methods, bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic, non-infectious diseases of fish an shellfish. Clinical pathology and diagnosis of disease. Clinical pathology and diagnosis of disease. Clinical laboratory examination of various biomaterials from fish and shellfish, normal picture of blood, serum enzymology, disorders and their interpretations , examination of skin scrapings, gill, internal organs, other tissues, various immunological, serological and molecular diagnosis using PCR, PTPCR, and real time PCR and the principles involved in ELISA. Primer designing for probes.
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