BSEB Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2025: Download Free PDF!

BSEB Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2025: The Bihar School Examination Board (BSEB) has structured the Class 12 Economics syllabus to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of microeconomics and macroeconomics. This syllabus is designed to equip students with the analytical tools to comprehend economic principles and their applications.

BSEB Class 12th Economics Syllabus Overview

The Class 12 Economics syllabus is divided into two main parts:

1. Introductory Microeconomics
2. Introductory Macroeconomics

Each part is divided into specific areas of economics, ensuring a balanced approach to the subject.

BSEB Class 12th Economics Syllabus 2025

We are providing the syllabus for Bihar Board Class 12th Economics. Students can check the syllabus and also download the PDF for free. 

PART-A: INTRODUCTORY MICROECONOMICS

Objective:
This course introduces the learner to economics as a Science of abstraction and reasoning. It introduces some basic concepts and tools to understand the economic issues of an individual or a firm and how decisions are made in a variety of markets. It also intends to provide exposure to the learners on how choices are made and how a variety of tools are used to optimally allocate resources.

UNIT-1: Introduction (Periods: 10)

• What is microeconomics?
• Central problems of an economy, production possibility curve, and opportunity cost.

UNIT-2: Consumer Behaviour and Demand (Periods: 25)

• Consumer's Equilibrium – Meaning and attainment of equilibrium through Utility Approach: One and two commodity cases.
• Demand, market demand, determinants of demand, demand schedule, demand curve, movement along the demand curve, and shifts in the demand curve.
• Price elasticity of demand: measurement of price elasticity of demand - percentage, total expenditure, and geometric method.

UNIT-3: Producer Behaviour & Supply (Periods: 37)

• Production function: Returns to Factor and Returns to Scale.
• Supply: Market supply, determinants of supply, supply schedule, supply curve, movement along and shifts in supply curve.
• Price elasticity of supply: measurement of price elasticity of supply – percentage and geometric method.
• Cost and Revenue: Short-run costs – Total cost, Total variable cost, Total Fixed cost; Average Fixed cost, Average Variable cost, and Marginal cost – meaning and their relationships.
• Revenue: Total, average, and marginal revenue; Opportunity cost: definition and application.
• Producer's equilibrium – Meaning and its conditions in terms of total cost and total revenue.

UNIT-4: Forms of Market and Price Determination (Periods: 20)

• Forms of Market – Perfect competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic competition – their meaning and features.

PART-B: INTRODUCTORY MACROECONOMICS

Objective:
The overall workings of an economy and some of its economic organizations are introduced in this course. The learners will get a basic idea of how the government regulates financial institutions, banking, and the economy through accounting of production activities, running financial institutions, ensuring capital flow in a country, and ensuring interaction with other countries. The impact it will have on the economy is briefly introduced.

UNIT-5: National Income and Related Aggregates (Periods: 30)

• Macroeconomics: Meaning
• Circular flow of income and concepts of GDP, GNP, NDP, and NNP (at market price and factor cost).
• Circular flow of income (gross and net): Private Income, Personal Income, and Personal Disposable Income.
• Disposable Income concepts.
• Measurement of National Income: Value Added method, Income method, and Expenditure method.
• Aggregates demand, Aggregate supply, their components, and marginal.
• Propensity to consume and propensity to save (average and marginal).
• Progression of income multiplier and employment multiplier.
• Meaning and analysis of inflation and deflation.

UNIT-6: Determination of Income and Employment (Periods: 25)

• Components of aggregate demand and aggregate supply.
• The meaning of excess and deficient demand. Measures to correct excess and deficient demand include the availability of credit and adjustment policies.

UNIT-7: Money and Banking (Periods: 18)

• Money: Meaning and supply of money.
• Functions of money and their importance.
• Banking system: Meaning and functions.
• Recent significant developments in the Indian Banking System: Privatization and Modernization.
• Central Bank: Role and its major functions in India.

UNIT-8: Government Budget and the Economy (Periods: 17)

• Meaning of government budget and its components.
• Objectives of the budget – revenue and capital.
• Government’s expenditure – revenue and capital, plan and non-plan, developmental and non-developmental expenditure.
• Components of the government budget: Deficit budget and implications.
• Measures to contain inflation.

UNIT-9: International Trade (Periods: 10)

• Introduction to India’s trade, its direction, and major components.
• Balance of payments: Meaning and its components.
• Foreign exchange markets: Meaning (Fixed and Flexible), merits and demerits, and determination through demand and supply.
• A brief analysis of recent exchange rate issues.

PART-C: DEVELOPING PROJECTS IN ECONOMICS

• The idea behind introducing this unit is- (Periods: 30)
• To enable the students to enhance the ways and means by which a project/case study can be developed using the skills learned in the course. This includes all the steps involved in designing a project starting, from choosing a title, exploring the information relating to the title, review of available literature, collection of primary and secondary data, analysis and presentation of data, their interpretation and conclusion. 
• To enhance your vision for becoming a partner in the development of your area.
• Some suggestive examples of projects and case studies are:-
• Understanding the demand and supply pattern of your village/mohalla: 
• Impact of Inflation on Consumption Pattern
• Role of Self Help Group in thrift and credit promotion.

The teachers and learners are encouraged to take on innovative projects.

EXAMINATION SYSTEM FOR CLASS-XII

There shall be two sets of examinations in Class XII:

1. Three Internal Examination
2. One External Examination
3. Internal Examination:- Three Internal Examinations at intervals of three months having different syllabi from the proposed syllabus of class XII. Each examination shall be of 100 marks and have the  following three components:

• Project work-30% weightage
• Viva: 20% weightage
• Written Examination: 50% weightage
• . The written examination shall consist of four types of questions
• Part I: Fill in the blanks or one-line answers -15% weightage
• Part II: Short answer type to be written in 100-150 words - 20% weightage
• Part-III: Medioum answer type to be written in 250-300 words-30 weightage
• Part-IV: Long answer type to be written in 600-700 words -35% weightage.
• Wherever relevant the answer must contain examples and specific references from the economy of Bihar and India.

2. External Examination: This is to be conducted by the Bihar School Examination Board.

Direct Link To Download PDF

Now, that the students have got the syllabus, they can start preparing for the exam. 

Other Related Links

• Bihar Board Class 10th Exams 

• Bihar Board Class 12th Exams

• Bihar Board Class 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th syllabus 

• Bihar Board Class 10th Model Papers

• Bihar Board Class 12th Model Papers