Solutions: Have you thought about why lemonade tastes the same throughout? This is because particles of sugar or salt are evenly distributed in the solution! A solution can exist in the form of a liquid that contains a solid or a gas dissolved in it. There are also solid solutions (alloys) and gaseous solutions (air). Let us learn more about solutions.
What is a Solution?
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. There is homogeneity at the particle level. A solution has a solvent and a solute as its components. The concentration of a solution is the amount (mass or volume) of solute present in a given amount (mass or volume) of solution.
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What is Solute?
As per NCERT, the component of the solution that is dissolved in the solvent (usually present in lesser quantity) is called the solute. For example, solution of iodine in alcohol has iodine (solid) as the solute and alcohol (liquid) as the solvent. On the basis of the amount of solute present in a solution, it can be dilute, concentrated or saturated solution. When no more solute can be dissolved in a solution at a given temperature, it is called a saturated solution. If the amount of solute contained in a solution is less than the saturation level, it is called an unsaturated solution.
What is Solvent?
The component of the solution that dissolves the other component in it (usually the component present in larger amounts) is called the solvent. For example, solution of sugar in water is a solid in liquid solution. In this, sugar is the solute and water is the solvent.
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Characteristics of Solution
According to NCERT, a solution has the following characteristics-
A solution is a homogeneous mixture.
The particles of a solution are smaller than 1 nm (10-9 metre) in diameter. So, they cannot be seen by naked eyes.
Because of very small particle size, they do not scatter a beam of light passing through the solution. So, the path of light is not visible in a solution.
The solute particles cannot be separated from the mixture by the process of filtration. The solute particles do not settle down when left undisturbed, that is, a solution is stable.
Differences Between Solute and Solvent
| The part of a solution that is present in the greatest amount is called a solvent. | The part of a solution that is present in less amount is called a solute. |
| Solvent is often a liquid. | Solute can be liquid, solid and gas. |
| Solvent is present in large amount. | Solute is present in small amount. |
| Solvent dissolves. | Solute gets dissolved. |
| Solubility of solvent is dependent on properties of solvent. | Solubility of solute is dependent on properties of solute. |
Also, check
CBSE Class 9 Science Is Matter Around Us Pure Chapter notes (Part-I)
Mixtures: Meaning, Types, Characteristics, Examples And More
Electronegativity: Meaning, Periodic Trends in Electronegativities of Elements And More
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