GK Questions and Answers on the Environmental Movements in India

The human being cannot survive without a healthy environment. The contemporary world is facing an almost unrestricted exploitation of natural resources which causes natural imbalance. This has led to many conflicts in the society. Sometimes, this conflict arises against the policy of the government then people confront and protest against the policy of the government through the means of mass movement.

1. Who among the following was associated with Bishnoi movement?

A. Amrita Devi

B. Gaura Devi

C. Govind Singh Rawat

D. Shamsher Singh Bisht

Ans: A

Explanation: Amrita Devi sacrificed her life along with her three daughters in year 1730 during Bishnoi movement to save green trees being felled by the Maharaja of Jodhpur at a place known as Khejarli in Marwar, Rajasthan. Hence, A is the correct option.

2. Who among the following was associated with chipko movement?

A. Sundarlal Bahuguna

B. Gaura Devi

C. Sudesha Devi

D. All of the above

Ans: D

Explanation: The Chipko movement or Chipko Andolan was primarily a forest conservation movement in India that began in 1973. It was a movement that practised the Gandhian methods of Satyagraha where both male and female activists played vital roles, including Gaura Devi, Sudesha Devi, Bachni Devi, Chandi Prasad Bhatt and Sundarlal Bahuguna.Hence, D is the correct option.

3. Which of the following was started in 1973 to save the evergreen tropical forest in the Palakkad district of Kerala, India from being flooded by a hydroelectric project?

A. Chipko Movement

B. Silent Valley Movement

C. Appiko Movement

D. Jungle Bachao Andola

Ans: B

Explanation: Save Silent Valley was a social movement aimed at the protection of Silent Valley, an evergreen tropical forest in the Palakkad district of Kerala, India. It was started in 1973 to save the Silent Valley Reserve Forest from being flooded by a hydroelectric project. Hence, B is the correct option.

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4. Match the following:

    Set I

a. Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA)

b. Silent Valley Movement

c. Appiko Movement

d. Jungle Bachao Andola

   Set II

1. Medha Patkar, Baba Amte, Adivasis, farmers, environmentalists and human rights activists

2. Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad (KSSP) an NGO, and the poet activist Sughathakumari

3. Uttara Kannada and Shimoga districts of Karnataka State

4. Against government’s decision to replace the natural sal forest with Teak

Code:

   a    b    c    d

A. 1    2    3    4

B. 4    2    3    1

C. 3    4    1    2

D. 1    4    2    3

Ans: A

Explanation:

Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA): Medha Patkar, Baba Amte, Adivasis, farmers, environmentalists and human rights activists.

Silent Valley Movement: Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad (KSSP) an NGO, and the poet activist Sughathakumari

Appiko Movement: Uttara Kannada and Shimoga districts of Karnataka State

Jungle Bachao Andola: Against government’s decision to replace the natural sal forest with Teak.

5. Which environmental movement refers to as Greed Game Political Populism by the environmentalists?

A. Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA)

B. Silent Valley Movement

C. Appiko Movement

D. Jungle Bachao Andola

Ans: D

Explanation: The tribals of Singhbhum district of Jharkhand started the protest when the government decided to replace the natural sal forests with the highly-priced teak which was called ‘Jungle Bachao Andola’. This movement was also called by many as “Greed Game Political Populism”.

6. Consider the following statement (s) is/are related to the Bishnoi Movement.

I. This movement was started by sage Sombaji around 1700 AD against deforestation.

II. It was launched from Gopeshwar in Chamoli district, Uttarakhand in 1973.

Code:

A. Only I

B. Only II

C. Both I and II

D. Neither I nor II

Ans: A

Explanation: Bishnoi movement was started by sage Sombaji around 1700 AD against deforestation. After that Amrita Devi forwarded the movement. Hence, A is the correct option.

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7. Consider the following statement (s) is/are related to the Chipko Movement.

I. It was launched from Gopeshwar in Chamoli district, Uttarakhand in 1973.

II. The movement was to prevent illegal cutting of trees in the Himalayan region (Uttarakhand).

Code:

A. Only I

B. Only II

C. Both I and II

D. Neither I nor II

Ans: C

Explanation: Chipko movement, also called Chipko andolan, nonviolent social and ecological movement by rural villagers, particularly women, in India with an objective of protecting trees and forests slated for government-backed logging. The movement originated in the Himalayan region of Uttar Pradesh (later Uttarakhand) in 1973 and quickly spread throughout the Indian Himalayas.

8. Consider the following statement (s).

I. The major objections include the seismic sensitivity of the region, submergence of forest areas along with Tehri town etc.

II. Medha Patkar has been the leader of this aandolan who got support from the Arundhati Roy, Baba Amte and Aamir Khan.

Which of above statement (s) is/are correct about Tehri Dam Conflict?

A. Only I

B. Only II

C. Both I and II

D. Neither I nor II

Ans: A

Explanation: Tehri Dam conflict was started by the local people around 1980s and 1990s because the dam project would constructed in the seismic sensitive region and people think that it causes submergence of forest areas along with Tehri town. Despite of protest, the construction of the dam is being carried out with police protection as Sunderlal Bahuguna is sitting on fast unto death. After assurance from the government to review the project, Bahuguna ended his fast but construction goes on, though at a slower pace.Hence, A is the correct option.

9. Match the following

   Set I

a. Bishnoi Movement

b. Appiko Movement

C. Tehri Dam Conflict

d. Save Silent Valley Movement

   Set II

1. 1978

2. 1990’s

3. 1983

4. 1700s

Code:

   a    b   c   d

A. 1    2   3   4

B. 4    3   2   1

C. 1    4   3   2

D. 3    2   1   4

Ans: B

Explanation:

Bishnoi Movement- This movement was started in the year of 1700s.

Appiko Movement- It was started in 1983.

Tehri Dam Conflict- It was started in the year of 1990s

Save Silent Valley Movement- This movement was started in 1978

10. Which of the following is the correct chronology?

a. Jungle Bachao Andola

b. Narmada Bachao Movement

c. Appiko Movement

d. Chipko Movement

Code:

A. a, b, c, d

B. d, b, a, c

C. d, c, a, b

D. a, b, c, d

Ans: C

Explanation: Jungle Bachao Andola started in 1982. Narmada Bachao Movement was started in 1985. Appiko Movement was started in 1983. Chipko Movement was started in 1973. Hence, C is the correct option.     

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