The National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) has released the updated Class 12 syllabus for the 2025-26 academic year. Students intending to take the October 2025 examinations should download this new syllabus without delay. In addition to the syllabus, NIOS provides crucial supplementary resources to aid student success. To improve exam preparation, NIOS has made available detailed sample papers and comprehensive question paper designs, which are essential tools for excelling in the examinations.
Students are strongly advised to incorporate both the official syllabus and the provided sample papers into their study routine. This integrated approach fosters a comprehensive learning experience. By thoroughly engaging with the syllabus, students can systematically understand the entire curriculum, ensuring no topic is missed. Simultaneously, utilizing the sample papers helps students identify frequently tested topics, understand the typical weightage of different sections, and grasp the nuances of the examination pattern. Furthermore, exposure to various question types through the sample papers familiarizes students with the demands of the actual examination, enabling them to strategize their time management and answer presentation effectively..
NIOS Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025
The NIOS Class 12 Biology syllabus for 2025–2026 comprises 31 lessons, divided into two main parts. The syllabus is structured with 40% allocated to the Tutor Marked Assignment (TMA) and 60% to the Public Examination. Further details regarding the syllabus modules can be found below the table.\
| MODULE | (40%) | (60%) |
| 1.Module-I: Diversity and Evolution of Life (12 Marks) | L-1.Origin and Evolution of Life and Introduction to Classification L-4. Cell Structure and Function | L-2.The Kingdom Monera, Protoctista and Fungi L-3.Kingdom Plantae and Animalia L-5.Tissues and other Level of Organization |
| 2.Module-II Forms and Functions of Plants and Animals (26 Marks) | L-8. Absorption, Transport and Water Loss in Plants L-9. Nutrition in plants - Mineral Nutrition L-13. Nutrition and Digestion L-14. Respiration and Elimination of Nitrogenous Wastes L.16. Locomotion and Movement L-18. Homeostasis: The Steady State | L-6. Root system L-7. Shoot system L-10.Nitrogen Metabolism L-11.Photosynthesis L-12. Respiration in Plants L-15. Circulation of Body Fluids L-17. Coordination and Control - The Nervous and Endocrine Systems |
| 3.Module-III: Reproduction and Heredity (22 Marks ) | L-20. Growth and Development in Plants L-24. Genetics and Society | L-19. Reproduction in Plants L.21. Reproduction and Population Control L-22. Principles of Genetics L-23. Molecular Inheritance and Gene Expression |
| 4.Module- IV: Environment and Health (13 Marks) | L-26. Conservation and Use of Natural Resources L-27. Pollution L-29. Some Common Human Diseases | L-25. Principles of Ecology L-28. Nutrition and Health |
| 5.Module- V: Emerging Areas in Biology(7 Marks) | L.30 Immunobiology: An Introduction L.31 Biotechnology |
NIOS Class 12th Biology Sample Paper 2025-26
NIOS Class 12 Biology Sample Paper- Download Here
NIOS Class 12 Biology Question Paper Design
Weightage by Objectives
| Objective | TOTAL | % of the total marks |
| Knowledge | 20 | 25% |
| Understanding | 36 | 45% |
| Application | 24 | 30% |
| 100 | 100% |
Weightage by type of questions
| Types of questions | No. Of questions | Marks |
| Long Answer (LA) (5 marks) | 2 | 10 |
| Very Short Answer (VSA) | 9 | 18 |
| Short Answer (SA) | 4 | 12 |
| Total | 14 | 40 |
| Objective Type Questions (1*2 = 2 marks) ## (with 2 sub-parts of 1 mark each) [Fill in the blanks, match the column, paragraph or case-based questions, one-word questions, Flow Chart, Diagram Based, etc.] | 12 | 24 |
| Total | 28 | 40 |
| G. Total | 43 | 80 |
Weightage by Contents
| Modules | Marks |
| 1. Diversity and Evolution of Life | 20 |
| . Form and function of plants and animals | 07 |
| Reproduction and Heredity | 14 |
| Environment & Health | 15 |
| .Emerging Areas in Biology | 07 |
| Total | 80 |
Difficulty Level of the Question Paper
| Estimated Level | Marks | Percentage of marks |
| Difficulty | 40 | 50% |
| Average | 24 | 30% |
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