There are about 550 tribes in India. As per 1951 census, 5.6% of the total population of the country was tribal. According to Census-2011, the number of scheduled tribes in India is 10, 42, 81,034. It is 8.6% of the total population of India [As per 2001 Census, it was 8.2% of the total population of India.]. A total of 9, 38, 19,162 people belonging to scheduled tribes reside in rural areas whereas 1, 04, 61,872 people in urban areas. The scheduled tribes are 11.3% of the total population of rural areas and 2.8% of urban areas. During 2001-2011 the decadal growth rate of the population of India was 17.64%. During this period the decadal growth rate of the scheduled tribes was 23.7%. The decadal growth rate of the scheduled tribes in rural areas was less (21.3%) whereas it was more (49.7%) in urban areas.
• States and union territories having maximum ratio of scheduled tribes, as per Census-2011 (in descending order)- Lakshadweep (94.8%) > Mizoram (94.4%) > Nagaland (86.5%) > Meghalaya (86.1%) > Arunachal Pradesh (68.8%).
• States and Union territories having minimum ratio of Scheduled tribes, as per Census-2011 (in ascending order)- Uttar Pradesh (0.6%) < Tamil Nadu (1.1%) < Bihar (1.3%) < Kerala (1.5%) < Uttarakhand (2.9%) [Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi and Puducherry have no population of Scheduled tribes.]
State-wise Total Population of Scheduled Tribes (in descending order)
| State | Population of Scheduled Tribes (in lakh) | Percentage of the state in the total population of Scheduled Tribes in the country |
| Madhya Pradesh | 152.3 | 14.70% |
| Maharashtra | 105.3 | 10.10% |
| Odisha | 95.9 | 9.20% |
| Rajasthan | 92.8 | 8.90% |
| Gujarat | 89.6 | 8.60% |
| Jharkhand | 86.5 | 8.30% |
| Chhattisgarh | 78.2 | 7.50% |
Sex Ratio Scheduled Tribes
As per Census 2011, the sex ratio in India is 943 whereas it is 990
in scheduled tribes. The sex ratio of children (0-6 age group) in India is 919 whereas that of it are 957 in scheduled tribes. The sex ratio in scheduled tribes is in favour of females in Goa (1046), Kerala (1025), Arunachal Pradesh (1032), Odisha (1029) and Chhattisgarh (1020). In Jammu and Kashmir (924) the sex ratio in scheduled tribes is the lowest in the country.
Literacy of Scheduled Tribes
As per Census 2011, the rate of literacy in India is 72.99% whereas
that of it in scheduled tribes is 59%. State-wise, the rate of literacy in scheduled tribes is highest in Mizoram (91.7%) and lowest in Andhra Pradesh (49.2%). Among union territories, the highest rate of literacy in scheduled tribes is in Lakshadweep (91.7%).
Major Tribes in India (State-wise)
| State | Major Tribes |
| Arunachal Pradesh | Aptani, Mishmi, Daffla, Miri, Aka, Sinpho, Khamti etc. |
| Assam | Chakma, Mikir, Kachari, Bora etc |
| Meghalaya | Garo, Khasi, Jaintia, Hamar etc |
| Nagaland | Angami, Konyak, Lotha etc |
| Manipur | Kuki, Lepcha, Mugh etc
|
| Tripura | Bhutia, Chakma, Garo, Kuki etc |
| Mizoram | Mizo, Lakher etc |
| West Bengal | Asur, Bhumij, Birhor, Lodha, Lepcha, Magh,
|
| Jharkhand
| Santhal, Paharia, Munda, Ho, Birhor, Oraon,
|
| Uttar Pradesh & Uttarakhand | Tharu, Bhatia, Jaunsari, Bhoksha, Raji, Khasa,
|
| Odisha | Zuang, Sawara, Karia, Khond, Kandh etc
|
| Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh | Hill Maria, Muria, Dandami, Gond, Baiga. Parja, |
| Himachal Pradesh | Gaddi, Gujjar, Kinnar etc |
| Jammu & Kashmir | Gaddi, Bakarwal etc
|
| Rajasthan | Bhil, Meena. Kathoria, Garasia etc
|
| Andhra Pradesh and Telangana
| Chenchu, Yandai, Kurumba, Khond, Bagdaz, Koya, Bagata, Gadaba etc
|
| Kerala
| Irula, Kurumba, Kadar, Puliyan etc |
| Tamil Nadu
| Toda, Kota, Kurumba, Badaga etc |
| Andaman & Nicobar | Great Andamanese, Nicobarese, Onge, Jarawa,
|
|
|
| Percentage of the state |
| State | Population of | in the total population |
|
| Scheduled Tribes | of Scheduled Tribes |
|
| (in lakh) | in the country |
| Madhya Pradesh | 152.3 | 14.7% |
| Maharashtra | 105.3 | 10.1% |
| Odisha | 95.9 | 9.2% |
| Rajasthan | 92.8 | 8.9% |
| Gujarat | 89.6 | 8.6% |
| Jharkhand | 86.5 | 8.3% |
| Chhattisgarh | 78.2 | 7.5% |
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