What is GNSS Tolling? GNSS vs FASTag, Advantages, Disadvantages and More

As India prepares to launch its GNSS-based Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) system, the country eagerly awaits a more efficient and hassle-free toll collection experience across its vast road network. Leveraging the power of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology, this cutting-edge solution enables vehicles with GNSS-enabled tags to pass through toll booths without stopping. But what sets this satellite-based system apart from the existing FASTag system? Let's explore the differences.

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What is GNSS Tolling?

GNSS Tolling is a satellite-based electronic toll collection system that tracks and charges vehicles using Global Navigation Satellite System technology. Vehicles equipped with GNSS-enabled tags transmit location and velocity data to a central system, which calculates tolls based on distance travelled and speed. This technology eliminates physical toll booths, reducing congestion and errors while increasing efficiency and revenue. It provides a seamless, barrier-free travel experience, making it an attractive solution for toll authorities worldwide.

GNSS-based tolling vs FASTag System

Satellite tolling, powered by GNSS technology, will introduce virtual toll booths on roads and highways, monitoring the distance travelled and location of GNSS-enabled vehicles. These virtual booths will also capture vehicle details, including type, registration number, and bank account information. In contrast, FASTags require physical toll booths to track and charge vehicles, whereas GNSS-enabled vehicles will enjoy a seamless, booth-free experience.

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Advantages GNSS System Tolling

The implementation of the GNSS-based Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) system is designed to boost operational efficiency by drastically cutting wait times and reducing average waiting durations from 714 seconds to just 47 seconds. This significant reduction will minimise travel time, streamlining traffic flow and enhancing the overall driving experience. Here are some advantages of GNSS-based tolling:

• Real-time Tracking: GNSS enables real-time vehicle tracking, allowing for efficient toll collection and monitoring.
• Reduced Infrastructure Costs: GNSS-based tolling eliminates the need for extensive physical infrastructure, such as toll booths and gantries.
• Increased Convenience: GNSS tolling enables seamless, barrier-free travel, reducing congestion and wait times.
• Improved Traffic Flow: By reducing the need for physical toll collection infrastructure, GNSS tolling can improve traffic flow and reduce congestion.

• Enhanced User Experience: GNSS tolling provides a convenient, hassle-free experience for drivers, with no need to stop or interact with tolling equipment.
•  Increased Revenue: GNSS tolling can help reduce toll evasion and increase revenue for toll authorities.
• Scalability: GNSS tolling can be easily scaled to accommodate growing traffic volumes and expanding road networks.
• Interoperability: GNSS is a standardised technology, enables interoperability between different tolling systems and regions.
• Data Analytics: GNSS tolling provides valuable data insights on traffic patterns, helping authorities optimise traffic management and planning.

• Environmental Benefits: By reducing the need for physical infrastructure and minimising congestion, GNSS tolling can help reduce environmental impact.

• Cost-Effective: GNSS tolling can be a cost-effective solution for toll authorities, reducing operational and maintenance costs.

By adopting this forward-thinking approach, traffic congestion will be significantly alleviated, allowing for a smooth and continuous flow of vehicles without the need for additional toll lanes. Furthermore, the removal of physical toll booths will simplify the billing process, enabling users to pay only for the distance travelled, resulting in cost savings from reduced toll booth maintenance and construction expenses.

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Disadvantages GNSS System Tolling

Although the GNSS-based system marks a significant improvement over the existing FASTag system, certain challenges persist, particularly in regions with poor signal reception, such as rural or rugged terrains.  Here are some disadvantages of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) in tolling:

• Signal Multipath: GNSS signals can be affected by multipath interference, which can lead to inaccurate location data.
• Satellite Geometry: Poor satellite geometry can result in reduced accuracy and reliability.
• Atmospheric Interference: Ionospheric and tropospheric delays can impact GNSS signal accuracy.
• Limited Coverage: GNSS signals may be weak or unavailable in urban canyons, tunnels, or under heavy tree cover.
• Dependence on Satellite Signals: GNSS tolling relies on satellite signals, which can be vulnerable to interference or disruption.
• High Initial Investment: Implementing GNSS tolling requires significant upfront investment in infrastructure and technology.
• Privacy Concerns: GNSS tracking raises privacy concerns, as it can be used to monitor vehicle movements.
• Technical Complexity: GNSS tolling systems require sophisticated technology and expertise to install and maintain.
• Potential for Signal Jamming: GNSS signals can be intentionally jammed, disrupting tolling operations.
• Compatibility Issues: Different GNSS systems (e.g., GPS, GLONASS, Galileo) may have compatibility issues, affecting interoperability.

To ensure a seamless transition to this cutting-edge toll-collection technology, it is crucial to address these technical hurdles and user privacy concerns, paving the way for a successful implementation across India.

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