ICSE Class 9 Geography Syllabus 2024-25: Download PDF

Aspect

Description

Subject Focus

Develops foundational understanding of the Earth's physical features, human activities, and their impact on the environment.

Learning Objectives

* Develops map reading and interpretation skills. * Promotes understanding of human impact on the environment. * Encourages critical thinking and problem-solving skills in a geographical context.

Evaluation

* Internal Assessment (20%) - Projects, presentations, assignments, map work. * Exam (80%) - Theory paper focusing on geographical understanding and application.

Skills Developed

Map interpretation, data analysis, critical thinking, problem-solving skills, spatial awareness.

PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHY

1. Our World 

(i) Earth as a planet 

Shape of the earth. Earth as the home of humankind and the conditions that exist.

(ii) Geographic grid - Latitudes & Longitudes

(a) Concept of latitudes: main latitudes, their location with degrees, parallels of latitude and their uses. 

(b) Concept of longitudes - Prime Meridian, time (local, standard and time zones, Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) and International Date Line (IDL). Eastern and Western hemisphere. 

(c) Using latitudes and longitudes to find location. Calculation of time. 

(d) Great Circles and their use.

(iii)Rotation and Revolution

Rotation – direction, speed and its effects (occurrence of day and night, the sun rising in the east and setting in the west, Coriolis effect) Revolution of the earth and its inclined axis –

effects: the variation in the length of the day and night and seasonal changes with Equinoxes and Solstices.

2. Structure of the Earth

(i) Earth’s Structure

Core, mantle, crust – meaning, extent and their composition. 

(ii) Landforms of the Earth Mountains, plateaus, plains (definition, types and their formation):

 Mountains – fold, residual and block. 

Plateaus – intermont and volcanic.

Plains – structural and depositional. 

Examples from the world and India. 

(iii) Rocks - difference between minerals and rocks, types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic, their characteristics and formation; rock cycle.

(iv) Volcanoes

Meaning, Types – active, dormant and extinct. 

Effects – constructive and destructive.

Important volcanic zones of the world.

(v) Earthquakes 

Meaning, causes and measurement. 

Effects: destructive and constructive.

Earthquake zones of the World

(vi) Weathering and Denudation

Meaning, types and effects of weathering.

Types: Physical Weathering – block and granular disintegration, exfoliation;

Chemical Weathering–oxidation, carbonation, hydration and solution; 

Biological Weathering – caused by humans, plants and animals. 

Meaning and agents of denudation; work of river and wind.

Stages of a river course and associated land forms – V-shaped valley, waterfall, meander 

and delta.

Wind–deflation hollows and Sand dunes.

3. Hydrosphere

Meaning of hydrosphere.

Tides - formation and pattern. 

Ocean Currents – their circulation pattern and effects. (Specifically of Gulf Stream, North Atlantic Drift, Labrador Current, Kuro Shio and 

Oya Shio.)

4. Atmosphere

(i) Composition and structure of the atmosphere.

Troposphere, Stratosphere, Ionosphere and Exosphere; Ozone in the Stratosphere, its depletion. Global warming and its impact.

(ii) Insolation

• Meaning of insolation and terrestrial radiation.

• Factors affecting temperature: latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, slope of

land, winds and ocean currents.

(iii)Atmospheric Pressure and Winds.

• Meaning and factors that affect atmospheric pressure.

• Major pressure belts of the world.

• Factors affecting direction and velocity of wind – pressure gradient, Coriolis Effect.

• Permanent winds – Trades, Westerlies and Polar Easterlies.

• Periodic winds - Land and Sea breezes, Monsoons.

• Local winds - Loo, Chinook, Foehn and Mistral.

• Variable winds - Cyclones and Anticyclones.

• Jet Streams- Meaning and importance.

(iv) Humidity

• Humidity – meaning and difference between relative and absolute humidity.

• Condensation – forms (clouds, dew, frost, fog and mist).

• Precipitation - forms (rain, snow, and hail).

• Types of rainfall – relief/orographic, convectional, cyclonic/ frontal with examples from the different parts of the

world.

5. Pollution

(a) Types - air, water (fresh and marine), soil, radiation and noise. 

(b) Sources:

• Noise: Traffic, factories, construction sites, loudspeakers, airports.

• Air: vehicular, industrial, burning of garbage.

Water: domestic and industrial waste.

• Soil: chemical fertilizers, bio medical waste and pesticides.

• Radiation: X- rays; radioactive fallout from nuclear plants.

(c) Effects - on the environment and human health.

(d) Preventive Measures

Carpools, promotion of public transport, no smoking zone, restricted use of fossil fuels, saving energy and encouragement of organic farming

6. Natural Regions of the World

Location, area, climate, natural vegetation and human adaptation.

Equatorial region, Tropical grasslands, Tropical Deserts, Tropical Monsoon, Mediterranean, Temperate grasslands, Taiga and Tundra.

7. Map Work

On an outline map of the World, candidates will be required to locate, mark and name the following: 

1. The major Natural Regions of the world -Equatorial, Tropical Monsoon, Tropical Deserts, Mediterranean type, Tropical grasslands, Temperate grasslands, Taiga and 

Tundra. 

2. The Oceans, Seas, Gulfs and Straits - all Major Oceans, Caribbean Sea, North Sea, 

Black Sea, Caspian Sea, South China Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Gulf of Carpentaria, Hudson Bay, Persian Gulf, Gulf of Mexico, Gulf of Guinea, Bering Strait, Strait of 

Gibraltar, Strait of Malacca.

3. Rivers – Mississippi, Colorado, Amazon, Paraguay, Nile, Zaire, Niger, Zambezi, Orange, Rhine, Volga, Danube, Murray, Darling, Hwang Ho, Yangtse Kiang, Ob, Indus, Ganga, Mekong, Irrawaddy, Tigris, Euphrates.

4. Mountains – Rockies, Andes, Appalachian, Alps, Himalayas, Pyrenees, Scandinavian Highlands, Caucasus, Atlas, Drakensburg, Khinghan, Zagros, Urals, Great Dividing Range.

5. Plateaus – Canadian Shield, Tibetan Plateau, Brazilian Highlands, Patagonian Plateau, Iranian Plateau, Mongolian Plateau.

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT

PRACTICAL WORK/ PROJECT WORK

1. A record file having any three of the following exercises will be maintained. (The file will be evaluated out of 10 marks).

(a) Uses of important types of maps.

(b) Directions and how to identify them - an illustrative diagram.

(c) Reading and using statement of scale, graphic scale and scale shown by representative fraction method. (No drawing work, only explaining their meanings).

(d) Reading of one town guide map or an atlas map. (Recognising the symbols and colours used, identifying directions and distances).

(e) Drawing and recognising forms of important contours viz. valleys, ridges, types of slopes, conical hill, plateau, escarpment and sea cliff.

(f) Drawing at least one sketch map to organize information about visiting an important place, a zoo or a monument. 

2. Candidates will be required to prepare a project report on any one topic. The topics for assignments may be selected from the list of suggested assignments given below. Candidates can also take up an assignment of their choice under any of the four broad areas given below. (The project will be evaluated out of 10 marks).

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