NCERT Class 12 Physics Lab Manual: With the aim to encourage and arm students with hands-on practical experience in Physics, the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has made a comprehensive list of exercises for Class 12 students. Students shouldn’t worry about searching for the lab manual as we have provided here the complete exercise files in both English and Hindi in PDF format.
NCERT has explained, ’’The basic purpose of laboratory experiments in physics, in general, is to verify and validate the concepts, principles and hypotheses related to the physical phenomena. Performing experiments by one’s own hands in a laboratory is important as it generates a feeling of direct involvement in the process of generating knowledge. Physics deals with the understanding of natural phenomena and applying this understanding to use the phenomena for development of technology and for the betterment of society. Physics practical work involves ‘learning by doing’. It clarifies concepts and lays the seed for enquiry. Careful and stepwise observation of sequences during an experiment or activity facilitate personal investigation as well as small group or team learning.’’
Also Check: NCERT Books and Solutions for Class 4th to 12th, Download Subject-Wise PDFs
Objectives of Practical Work
| The learner develops manipulative skills in practical work if she/he is able to- comprehend the theory and objectives of the experiment; conceive the procedure to perform the experiment; set-up the apparatus in proper order; check the suitability of the equipment, apparatus, tool regarding their working and functioning; know the limitations of measuring device and find its least count, error etc.; handle the apparatus carefully and cautiously to avoid any damage to the instrument as well as any personal harm, perform the experiment systematically; make precise observations; make proper substitution of data in formula, keeping proper units (SI) in mind; calculate the result accurately and express the same with appropriate significant figures, justified by the degree of accuracy of the instrument; interpret the results, verify principles and draw conclusions; improvise simple apparatus for further investigations by selecting appropriate equipment, apparatus, tools, materials. |
| The learner develops observational skills in practical work if she/he is able to- read about instruments and measure physical quantities, keeping least count in mind; follow the correct sequence while making observations; take observations carefully in a systematic manner; minimize some errors in measurement by repeating every observation independently a number of times. |
| The learner develops drawing skills for recording observed data if she/he is able to-make schematic diagram of the apparatus; draw ray diagrams, circuit diagrams correctly and label them; depict the direction of force, tension, current, ray of light etc, by suitable lines and arrows; plot the graphs correctly and neatly by choosing appropriate scale and using appropriate scale. |
| The learner develops reporting skills for presentation of observation data in practical work if she/he is able to- make a proper presentation of aim, apparatus, formula used, principle, observation table, calculations and result for the experiment; support the presentation with labelled diagram using appropriate symbols for components; record observations systematically and with appropriate units in a tabular form wherever desirable; follow sign conventions while recording measurements in experiments on ray optics; present the calculations/results for a given experiment along with proper significant figures, using appropriate symbols, units, degree of accuracy; calculate error in the result; state limitations of the apparatus/devices; summarize the findings to reject or accept a hypothesis; interpret recorded data, observations or graphs to draw conclusion; explore the scope of further investigation in the work performed. |
Specific Objectives of Laboratory Work
| The learner develops process-oriented performance skills in practical work if she/he is able to- select appropriate tools, instruments, materials, apparatus and chemicals and handle them appropriately; check for the working of apparatus beforehand; detect and rectify instrumental errors and their limitations; state the principle/formula used in the experiment; prepare a systematic plan for taking observations; draw neat and labelled diagram of given apparatus/ray diagram/circuit diagram wherever needed; set up apparatus for performing the experiment; handle the instruments, chemicals and materials carefully; identify the factors that will influence the observations and take appropriate measures to minimise their effects; perform experiment within stipulated time with reasonable speed, accuracy and precision; represent the collected data graphically and neatly by choosing appropriate scale and neatly, using proper scale; interpret recorded data, observations, calculation or graphs to draw conclusion; report the principle involved, procedure and precautions followed in performing the experiment; dismantle and reassemble the apparatus; follow the standard guidelines of working in a laboratory. |
| The learner develops product-oriented performance skills in practical work if she/he is able to- identify various parts of the apparatus and materials used in the experiment; set-up the apparatus according to the plan of the experiment; take observations and record data systematically so as to facilitate graphical or numerical analysis; present the observations systematically using graphs, calculations etc. and draw inferences from recorded observations; analyse and interpret the recorded observations to finalise the results; accept or reject a hypothesis based on the experimental findings. |
NCERT Class 12 Physics Lab Manual Exercise Files in English
NCERT Class 12 Physics Lab Manual Exercise Files in Hindi
CBSE Video Courses for Science for Class 12 Students
Class 12 Science students can study effectively for the exams with the help of video courses prepared by the subject matter experts. These video courses will explain the concepts in a simple and interactive manner which will help learners to understand clearly. Click on the below image:
Also, check
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2024-25 PDF (All Subjects)
NCERT Rationalised Syllabus Class 12: Check Chapters & Topics Deleted from Class 12 Books
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