Which Desert Is Called the Great Indian Desert?

Nov 18, 2025, 14:39 IST

The Thar Desert is also known as the Great Indian Desert, is India’s largest desert located mainly in Rajasthan. Learn why it is called the Great Indian Desert, explore major regions, and discover interesting facts about its culture, climate, and biodiversity.

Great Indian Desert: The Thar Desert is known as the Great Indian Desert. It is India’s largest desert and covers a huge area of around 200,000 sq km across Rajasthan, extending into parts of Gujarat, Haryana, and Punjab. This vast golden desert forms a natural boundary between India and Pakistan. The Thar is famous for its rolling sand dunes, extreme heat, colourful culture, camel safaris, and desert cities filled with history and tradition.

Why Is the Thar Called the Great Indian Desert?

The Thar gets this title because it represents India’s biggest and most significant desert region. It is the only major hot desert in the Indian subcontinent. The landscape includes long stretches of sand, high temperatures, strong winds, and very little rainfall. Its size, climate, and geography make it an important natural region, giving it the deserving name of the Great Indian Desert.

How the Thar Desert Influences Life?

Life in the Thar may be tough, but it is full of colour and energy. People living here follow rich traditions that have been passed down for centuries. Villages follow unique architectural styles with mud houses that keep interiors cool. Folk music, ghagra-choli outfits, turban styles, camel fairs, and desert food all reflect the region’s identity. Despite the heat, the Thar has a warm cultural atmosphere that attracts travellers from around the world.

Major Regions of the Thar Desert

1. Jaisalmer 

Jaisalmer is the heart of the Thar, filled with golden sand dunes, ancient havelis, and the famous Jaisalmer Fort made of yellow sandstone. It is a top destination for camel safaris, desert camps, and Rajasthani folk shows. The city glows under sunlight, creating a magical golden effect across the desert landscape.

2. Barmer 

Barmer is known for its traditional embroidery, mirror-work clothing, wooden carvings, and colourful village life. It represents the deep-rooted rural culture of Rajasthan. Barmer’s desert areas are less commercial, giving visitors a more raw and authentic desert experience.

3. Bikaner 

Bikaner stands out for its historic Junagarh Fort, desert festivals, and the National Research Centre on Camels. It is one of the most important cultural hubs in the Thar, known for its spicy food, sweets, and royal heritage.

Interesting Facts About the Thar Desert

1. One of the Most Populated Deserts in the World

The Thar is unique because millions of people live here, unlike most deserts which have very few settlements. It has towns, villages, and complete cultural ecosystems, making it a “living desert.”

2. Camels Are the Lifeline of the Region

Camels are used for travel, transport, farming, and even festivals. They can survive long distances with very little water and are perfectly suited for the desert climate, which is why they are called the “ships of the desert.”

3. A Desert Filled With Colourful Traditions

Despite its dry landscape, the Thar is full of vibrant culture—folk dances like Kalbelia, traditional jewellery, embroidered clothes, and colourful turbans. Festivals and fairs bring the entire desert to life.

4. Receives Rainfall From the Indian Monsoon

The Thar is one of the few hot deserts that receives seasonal monsoon rain. This rainfall helps certain plants, grasses, and farming activities, making parts of the desert semi-arid.

5. A Biodiversity Hotspot

The Thar is home to unique animals such as desert foxes, blackbucks, chinkaras, spiny-tailed lizards, and even the critically endangered Great Indian Bustard.

Jasreet Kaur
Jasreet Kaur

Content Writer

Jasreet Kaur is a journalist with over two years of experience and a bachelor's degree in journalism and mass communication. Driven and committed, she writes on current affairs and general knowledge, fueled by a desire to see positive growth in organizations, society, and the world.

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