CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025: With the CBSE Class 12 Biology Board Exam scheduled for tomorrow, it is essential for students to have a final look at the revised syllabus to ensure they have covered all key topics. This article provides the complete CBSE Class 12 Biology syllabus, including the course content, evaluation scheme and question paper design. Students can also check the unit-wise marks distribution to prioritize important topics for last-minute revision. The PDF download link for the syllabus is provided at the end of this article for quick access.
Important*
CBSE Class 12 Biology Sample Paper by Experts for Board Exam 2025
Top 50 MCQs for CBSE Class 12 Biology Exam 2025
Chapter wise-weightage:
CBSE Class 12 Biology has five units. The table below reflects the unit, along with the title and mark allocation to the chapters. Refer to the table below for more understanding:
| Unit | Title | Marks |
| VI | Reproduction | 16 |
| VII | Genetics and Evolution | 20 |
| VIII | Biology and Human Welfare | 12 |
| IX | Biotechnology and its Applications | 12 |
| X | Ecology and Environment | 10 |
| Total | 70 |
Also Check| CBSE Class 12 Biology Exam Pattern and Topic Wise Weightage 2025
Unit-6 Reproduction
Chapter-2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination - types, agencies and examples; out breeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.
Chapter-3: Human Reproduction
Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis -spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea).
Chapter-4: Reproductive Health
Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control - need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness).
Unit-7 Genetics and Evolution
Chapter-5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism – incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination - in humans, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance - haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans - thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes.
Chapter-6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central Dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation - lac operon; Genome, Human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting.
Chapter-7: Evolution
Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences); Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution - variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy- Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution.
Unit-8 Biology and Human Welfare
Chapter-8: Human Health and Diseases
Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescent - drug and alcohol abuse.
Chapter-10: Microbes in Human Welfare
Microbes in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as biocontrol agents and bio-fertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicious use.
Unit-9 Biotechnology and its Applications
Chapter-11: Biotechnology - Principles and Processes
Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).
Chapter-12: Biotechnology and its Applications
Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; transgenic animals;biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents.
Unit-10 Ecology and Environment
Chapter-13: Organisms and Populations
Population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution. (Topics excluded: Organism and its Environment, Major Aboitic Factors, Responses to Abioitic Factors, Adaptations)
Chapter-14: Ecosystem
Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy (Topics excluded: Ecological Succession and Nutrient Cycles).
Chapter-15: Biodiversity and its Conservation
Biodiversity-Concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, Sacred Groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries, and Ramsar sites.
Practical
The practical assessment scheme for biology in class 12 is broken down into multiple parameters. Students can view the evaluation criteria and their corresponding marks in the table below.
| Evaluation Scheme | Marks | |
| One Major Experiment 5 | 5 | |
| One Minor Experiment 2 & 3 | 4 | |
| Slide Preparation 1 & 4 | 5 | |
| Spotting | 7 | |
| Practical Record + Viva Voce | (Credit to the student’s work over the academic session may be given.) | 4 |
| Investigatory Project and its Project Record + Viva Voce | 5 | |
| Total | 30 | |
Practical Examination for Visually Impaired Students of Classes 11 and 12 Evaluation Scheme
The practical examination will be of a two hour duration with a mark allocation of 30 marks in total. Students can find below the evaluation scheme for the practical examination for better understanding:
| Topics | Marks |
| Identification/Familiarity with the apparatus | 5 |
| Written test (Based on given / prescribed practicals) | 10 |
| Practical Records | 5 |
| Viva | 10 |
| Total | 30 |
Prescribed Books:
- Biology, Class-XII, Published by NCERT
- Other related books and manuals brought out by NCERT (consider multimedia also)
- Biology Supplementary Material (Revised). Available on CBSE website.
CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2024–25
Here's the direct link to download the CBSE class 12 Biology complete syllabus:
| Download CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2024-25 PDF |
Get a PDF download of the latest CBSE Class 12 Biology curriculum here. The article consists of class 12 syllabus weightage, course overview and practical evaluation scheme. Students can access the direct link to the PDF to download and check the latest update regarding the CBSE Class 12 Biology syllabus.
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