Biology plays a crucial role in the preparation for several competitive examinations. Here, we are providing a list of some important topics in Biology to speed up the preparation. The topics mentioned below are elementary in nature and explained with concepts. It has been seen that questions are frequently asked about these topics in several competitive examinations. Check below for the list.
List of 20 important topics in Biology
1. Difference between Plant and Animal Cell
The cell is the fundamental unit of life and activities of life are carried out by cells. Daily activities, functions, and structures of plants and animals vary. Plants act as producers and animals as consumers in an ecosystem. The structure and organelles of cells in plants and animals vary and are primarily classified on the basis of function.
READ| Difference between Plants and Animal cell
READ| What is the structure of Plant and Animal Cells?
2. Mode of Nutrition in Plants and Animals
Green plants prepare their own food from carbon dioxide, water by using sunlight energy in the presence of chlorophyll. This process is known as photosynthesis. Therefore, green plants are known as autotrophs.
On the other hand, animals depend on other organisms for food. They cannot make their own food and are known as heterotrophs. All living organisms need energy to perform various life processes.
READ| Mode of Nutrition in Plants
READ| Mode of Nutrition in Animals
READ| What is the difference between Autotrophic and Heterotrophic modes of nutrition?
3. Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Cells are the building blocks of life. Some cells consist of membrane-bound organelles and some do not. On the basis of the internal structure of the cell, there are two types of cells that are found in an organism namely Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic. Find below the difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells.
READ| Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
4. Cell: Structure and Functions
In 1665, Robert Hook discovered the cell. It is the structural and functional unit of a living organism. The three major functional regions of a cell are cell membrane, or plasma membrane & cell wall, nucleus, and cytoplasm.
READ| Cell: Structure and Functions
5. Different branches of Biology and their Fathers
The study of life, living things, and evolution is Biology. Biology is a life science that is derived from the Greek word 'bios' meaning life and 'logy' means study. Check below the list of Fathers of different branches of Biology.
READ| List of different branches of Biology and their Fathers
6. List of Scientific Names of Animals and Birds
The biological system of naming organisms is known as binomial nomenclature. In this, the name is composed of two terms; the first term indicates the genus and the second term indicates the species of the organism.
READ| List of Scientific Names of Animals and Birds
7. Microorganisms: Definition, Classification, and Facts
A microorganism is an organism that is microscopic and is also known as a microbe. The study of microorganisms is known as microbiology. Know about the shape, function, and characteristics of microorganisms.
READ: What are Microorganisms?
8. Organ Systems of Human Body
The human body is made up of several basic organ systems that manage all essential body functions. This organ system includes the integumentary system, skeletal system, muscular system, lymphatic system, respiratory system, digestive system, nervous system, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, urinary system, and reproductive systems.
READ| Organ Systems of Human Body
9. Human Digestive System
It is a system that is used in the human body for the process of digestion. Several organs associated with Human Digestive System in sequence are the mouth, oesophagus (or food pipe), stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Digestion plays an important role as the body needs nutrients from food and drink to work properly and stay healthy.
READ| Know about Human Digestive System
READ| List of Organs that help in Digestion of Human Body
10. Human Circulatory System
It is responsible for the transportation of materials inside the body including the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood. The heart pumps blood and arteries, veins, and capillaries act as pipes through which the blood flows. Check below in detail all parts of the circulatory system.
READ| Human Circulatory System
11. Glands and Hormones in Human Body
Hormones are messengers that control and coordinate activities throughout the body, or we can say that they are chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands.
The endocrine system includes a network of glands and secretes hormones to regulate the functions of the body in the human body.
READ| List of important hormones and their functions
12. Control and Coordination in Plants
Hormones promote growth in plants. The movement in plants is shown by their various parts. Movements occur in plants, because of stimuli, like gravity, water, light, chemical, touch, etc. Therefore, in plants, control and coordination are performed by the chemical substances known as plant hormones or phytohormones.
READ| Control and Coordination in Plants
13. Control and Coordination in Humans
Control and coordination take place through the nervous system and hormonal system in human beings and is known as the endocrine system. The five sense organs in our body are the eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin.
READ| Control and Coordination in Humans
14. Human Reproductive System
It is an organ system by which humans reproduce and bear live offspring. Its major function is to ensure the survival of the species. Study below in detail about the reproductive system in males and females.
READ| Human Reproductive System: Female
READ| Human Reproductive System: Male
15. Evolution
The sequence of gradual changes that take place in primitive organisms over millions of years in which new species are produced is known as evolution. Plants and animals that we see today have evolved around us from some of the ancestors that lived on this earth long-long ago.
READ| Know about Evolution
16. Human Skeletal System
Human Skeletal System provides the framework for the human body that helps in supporting and protecting the body. It consists of connective tissues like bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
READ| Human Skeletal System: Structure|Functions|Diseases
17. Blood: Composition, Functions, Transfusion and Blood Group
Blood helps in the transportation of substances, protects against diseases, and regulates the temperature of the body. It is connective tissue. The colour of the blood is red due to the presence of a pigment called haemoglobin. Components of blood are plasma, red blood corpuscles (Red blood cells or RBCs), white blood corpuscles (White blood cells or WBCs), and platelets.
READ| Blood: Composition, Functions, Transfusion and Blood Group
READ| What is Blood Pressure and how is it measured?
18. Difference between DNA and RNA
DNA is a deoxyribonucleic acid and is located in the nucleus of a cell known as nuclear DNA. On the other hand, RNA is ribonucleic acid and is present in all living cells.
READ| What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
19. Difference between Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases
Communicable diseases are spread by infectious agents including bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. Words like 'contagious' or 'infectious' are used for communicable diseases.
Non-communicable diseases are also known as chronic diseases that last for a long duration. They are a result of various factors like genetic, physiological, environmental and behaviours.
READ| What is the difference between Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases?
20. Synthetic Biology: Biosafety and Biosecurity
It is a field of science that consists of redesigning organisms so that they produce a substance like medicine or fuel, gain a new ability such as sensing something in the environment, etc. Its objective is to make biology easier to engineer.
READ| Synthetic Biology: Biosafety and Biosecurity
Practice| 1100+ GK Questions and Answers on General Science
| Some more Biology topics to study | |
| List of Important Biological Phenomena | List of important Antibiotics, their Source and Action |
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