Physics Formulas for Class 10, Download Topic-Wise PDF

Physics Formulas for CBSE Class 10 Students: One of the subjects that students fears the most is Physics. The reason is formulas and derivations. What if you get the list of formulas together and revise them in a go just before the examination. To help the Class 10 students prepare for the CBSE 10th Physics Exam 2025 here is the list of important formulas which you must revise before the exam day to have a quick cerebral response as soon as you see the question. The important numerical and derivation formulas from optics, electricity, power etc., are given here.

Check | CBSE Class 10 Syllabus 2025

Light – Reflection and Refraction Formulas

For Class 10 students, this topic is very important, as they will study the same in Class 12 physics. Your foundation in Class 10 physics will definitely help you in your Class 12 physics optics. The mirror formula, lens formula, and magnification formula are some of the important ones that should be remembered to solve all the numerical problems related to light, reflection, and refraction in Class 10 board exams. Check out the formulas below. 

Get | CBSE Class 10 Physics Chapter Wise Important Questions and Answers

Radius of curvature (R)

R= 2f

f= Focal length

• The distance between the pole and the principal focus of a spherical mirror is called the focal length.

Focal length (f)

f=R/2

R= Radius of curvature

• The radius of curvature is the distance between the centre of a curved surface and its curvature.

Mirror Formula

v= The distance of the image from the pole of the mirror is called the image distance.

u= The distance of the object from its pole is called the object distance

f= Focal length

Check | Important Physics Diagrams Class 10

Mirror Magnification

Magnification produced by a spherical mirror gives the relative extent to which the image of an object is magnified with respect to the object size

The magnification m is also related to the object distance (u) and image distance (v). It can be expressed as:

Check | CBSE Class 10 Physics Exam Pattern 2025

Snell’s law of refraction

(This is true for angle 0 < i <90^o)

According to this law, the ratio of the sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction is a constant, for the light of a given colour and for the given pair of media.

If c is the speed of light in air and v is the speed of light in the medium, then, the refractive index of the medium nm is given by

Lens Formula

u= Object distance

v= Image distance

f= Focal length

Lens Magnification

Also Check |

• CBSE Class 10 Science Deleted Syllabus 2025
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Power of Lens

P=1/focal length(f)

Electricity Formulas

Current Formula

Q= Net charge

I= Current

t= Time

Potential difference

Potential difference (V) between two points = Work done (W)/Charge (Q) 

V = W/Q

Ohm’s law

V ∝ I

V = IR

V= Potential difference

I= Current

R= Resistance

Resistance of the conductor

R ∝ l 

R ∝ l/A 

l= Length

A= Area of cross-section

ρ= (rho) is a constant of proportionality and is called the electrical resistivity of the material of the conductor

Check | CBSE Class 10 Date Sheet 2025

Get | CBSE Class 10 Science Mind Maps For Quick Revision

Potential difference (In Series)

V = V₁ + V₂ + V₃

Resistance (In Series)

R_s = R₁ +R₂ + R₃

Current (In Series)

I = I₁ + I₂ + I₃ 

Resistance (In Parallel)

1/R_p = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃

Power Input

I= Current

V= Potential Difference

t= Time

Q= Charge

Study Current

H = VIt

H= Heat

V= Potential Difference

I= Current

t= Time

Joule’s law of heating

H = I² Rt

H= Heat

R= Resistance

I= Current

t= Time

Electric Power

P = VI 

Or 

P = I²R = V²/R

P= Power

I= Current

V= Potential difference

R= Resistance

Also Read:

• NCERT Class 10 Science Textbook PDF
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science
• NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 10 Science
• CBSE Board Exams To Be Conducted Twice A Year: Check Details Here